A project to create a tourist route. We create hiking routes
1. Determination of the “portrait” of the target tourist group.
Based on marketing research, a “portrait” of potential group/individual tourists is compiled. As a result of the analysis, the structure of demand, capacity and market conditions are determined. Drawing up a “portrait” includes modeling the specific characteristics of a group: psycho-physiological, national, religious, socio-cultural, professional, etc., which will need to be taken into account in the future when developing a tourist route program and serving tourists.
2. Setting goals and determining the objectives of the tourist route.
At this stage of development, it is necessary to clearly formulate the goals set by tourists before their future trip. At its core, travel goals are the motives that determine the desire of tourists, one way or another, to realize their needs during travel. As stated above, the purposes of travel are the basis for the classification of types of tourism. If the purpose (motive) of the trip is clearly defined, then tasks (events, program actions) should be formulated that will help the tour operator create conditions on the route that meet the needs of tourists. So, if the goal is “vacation on the seaside,” then the goals should be to provide a hotel, an equipped beach, etc. If the goal is educational, then the tasks should be to provide the route with excursion content, etc.
3. Determination of the season and duration of the route
At the third stage, you have to choose the season and duration of the route.
The choice of season largely determines the purpose of the route and the possibilities of the region’s tourist resources attracted to it. The same approach is necessary to determine the duration of the route. However, a marketing perspective is required here, i.e. taking into account the structure of free time in various segments of the tourism market. For example, experts from the World Tourism Organization (WTO), highlighting segments of tourists by age, draw attention to the fact that “youth tourism” is regulated by vacation days, “middle-aged tourism” (30-60 years), which includes family and workers, uses their children's vacations and vacations to travel. For economically active tourists, you can use a “block of free time” - holidays plus weekends. “Third age tourism”, which includes people of retirement age, has no restrictions on travel time; moreover, there is no pronounced seasonality; on the contrary, such tourists avoid
periods of peak tourist seasons, they prefer “velvet”, calm periods.
The result of this stage should be the determination:
Route season and rationale for choice;
Validity periods of the route and justification for their duration
4. Description of the geography and route of the route
When developing a route, knowledge of local history is required, as well as a detailed study of the tourist infrastructure of the region, i.e. those objects that may become a subject of interest to the group. Their location will become the main determining factor when choosing places to stay or visit by tourists. For example, the service program for a group of specialists in the field of medicine may include visits to medical institutions in Perm, a trip to Ust-Kachka, Klyuchi, where sanatorium-resort-type institutions with unique equipment and technologies for recreation of the population are located. When building a route, you must also refer to the classification of travel for building a route. She may be:
Radial;
Linear;
Annular;
Combined.
Thus, at this stage the following work is performed:
Selection of tourist destinations and justification for choice;
Construction of a map-scheme of the route (“wind rose”, route diagram, names of places, designation of major waterways, railways and roads, indication of the distance between points of stay in kilometers);
Classification definition of route route.
5. Logistics and technical support for servicing tourists along the route.
At this stage, the following issues need to be resolved:
Where will tourists live and eat?
What type of transport can be used to transport tourists from point to point?
To choose the place of accommodation and food for the group, you should proceed from the following key points:
a) Wishes or requirements of tourists, which can be presented in tabular form:
b) analysis of the structure and condition of hotel and catering enterprises;
c) the proximity of hotels to places of interest;
So, for example, business tours should include accommodation of businessmen in close proximity to administrative centers, and trips for recreational purposes should include accommodation of tourists in hotel-type enterprises located in attractive natural and climatic zones.
The choice of food establishments should be based, firstly, on the convenience of tourists, i.e. breakfasts should be organized at the hotel, and when organizing lunches and dinners, it is necessary to proceed from the time structure of excursion and cultural programs. For example, a long excursion to the monastery on White Mountain may include lunch for tourists in the refectory; excursion to the Khokhlovka Museum-Reserve - “lunch along the highway”, i.e. a picnic in nature or in a roadside cafe, and if tourists attend a theatrical performance in the evening, then it is preferable to organize dinner at their hotel, because then they can change clothes and prepare for the evening's entertainment. In special cases, “dry rations” can be organized for long excursions or transfers. You also need to decide on the form of nutrition:
BB - breakfast at the hotel,
HB - half board (two meals a day),
RV - full board (three meals a day),
HB/Buffer - half board (buffet). When choosing vehicles, the following factors must be taken into account:
a) the wishes of tourists (they are formulated in Table 1);
b) the presence and characteristics of communication routes (roads and railways, air routes, waterways);
c) principles of organizing the transportation of tourists, namely:
Long journeys are organized, if possible, at night and by rail or road transport,
Short - in the morning and afternoon, mostly by land or water transport with the mandatory provision of travel information,
On long water trips, it is necessary to stop in cities during the daytime, as well as organize “green parking”,
When traveling on tourist trains, also organize parking during the daytime,
d) requirements for ensuring the safety of tourists on the route. For example, when transporting groups of children, air and water transport are the most dangerous;
e) operating hours of visited facilities (breaks, sanitary days, opening and closing hours).
Thus, at this stage, determine the following points:
locations and names of hotels intended for tourist accommodation,
characteristics of the hotel enterprise (“star rating”, class of rooms, features and range of hotel services, as well as the arrangement of the hotel territory),
locations and names of catering establishments, features of services and dishes, forms of catering,
types of intra-route transport, which can be presented in tabular form:
6. Objects to visit
Now it is necessary to determine specific objects, places to visit, as well as persons with whom tourists will meet.
These objects can be divided into the following groups:
mandatory, the need for inclusion is dictated by the goals of the route and the specific characteristics of the groups;
additional, the inclusion of which will complement and diversify the service program;
special, the inclusion of which will become an exclusive feature of the route, its culmination, the “highlight” of the route.
Required objects include:
the most interesting places in the region (monuments of cultural history, architecture, art, natural monuments);
enterprises, institutions related to the professional or other interests of tourists;
individuals, groups of people who are of interest to tourists from that
or other purpose.
Additional terms include:
additional excursion objects
cultural institutions (theater, disco, etc.)
sports and recreation facilities and events
venues for celebrations and other entertainment shows, etc.
Special objects are places of visit or services that reveal to tourists the features of national culture, regional characteristics and traditions. Such events can be festive and entertaining, they can be meetings with extraordinary people, they can be adventure events. In a word, here a student can give free rein to his imagination, but at the same time strictly observing the following principles of organizing such services:
compliance with the socio-psychological and psychographic characteristics of tourists,
novelty and exclusivity of the service,
importance for tourists,
safety during the event.
Selected objects and services can be presented in the following table.
7. Tourist route program
This is the final stage of the route. Now it is necessary to build a unified service program for a group of tourists, combining all the service elements selected above in a logical sequence and broken down by days and hours of stay.
In this case, it is necessary to take into account the following fundamental points:
time (hours) of arrival and departure of tourists;
the condition of tourists associated with the duration of the flight (transfer) of tourists across Russia and the region;
checkout hours in hotels;
the need to organize transfers (meeting and seeing off tourists);
the significance of the initial presentation of a city sightseeing tour;
the inadmissibility of organizing similar city tours on the same day;
national or religious customs of tourists (for example: morning and evening prayers, customs of early rise or early bedtime, etc.);
age-related psychological characteristics;
tourist clothing.
The program and must be executed in the appropriate table
Route development is a complex multi-stage procedure that requires fairly high qualifications and is the main element of tourism service technology. This procedure is time-consuming and sometimes takes several months. If the route is custom (one-time), then the procedure for creating it is simplified, with the exception of security measures.
In the former USSR, there were about 24 thousand routes in the trade union tourism system, including about 400 all-Union routes.
When developing the routes presented in the work, I followed the following steps:
Research of tourist resources along the proposed route.
Identification of restrictions on the consumption of tourism resources.
Marketing the market for tourist services along this route.
Determining the route type.
Construction of a sketch model of the route.
Building a route route.
Drawing up a travel calendar and group movement schedule.
Linking the route to life support points.
Development of a safety scheme along the route.
Development of a route passport.
Coordination of the passport with the relevant services.
Test hike along the route.
Making changes to the route plan.
Review and approval of the route.
In addition, when developing any route, it is necessary to decide on the following questions:
1. Choosing a route is one of the most important aspects of preparation. It depends, as a rule, on the goal that the group sets for itself, on the range of interests of its participants. No matter how diverse their goals may be, they can be grouped as follows: visiting a historical or natural monument; camping; physical training associated with long walks. In practice, they can naturally be combined.
2. Determining the complexity of the route.
Some parts of the routes run along quite “decent” roads and therefore do not involve overcoming natural obstacles. They do not require cartographic material either - road signs and overview maps located in places of public recreation are quite sufficient. During such hikes, it is not necessary to arrange long rests, since the time of active movement is short.
Other routes are laid not only along roads, but also along forest paths and clearings; along the banks of rivers and lakes; through swamps and clearings; mountains and passes. There may be some natural obstacles here: windbreaks, hummocks, stones, streams, ditches. A map or tourist map is required. A prerequisite is long rests and overnight stays.
And also follow the following rules:
in terms of complexity and length, the section of the day's trek route should be within the capabilities of all tourists;
for movement between tourist and tourist sites, local transport is used, as well as transport belonging to the travel agency organizing the trip; significant parts of the route are covered on foot and other means of active movement;
places for long halts and overnight stays are, if possible, comfortably equipped with a supply of fuel and food, and also equipped with communications;
When planning a route, a reserve of time is taken into account in case of unexpected delays along the way.
When developing the route, a wide variety of materials were used: reference books, guidebooks and other local history literature, cartographic material. Overview diagrams of guidebooks - used for general study. To more accurately construct the route, I used special tourist maps, road atlases, and maps of the region. The routes are coordinated with transport schedules, access regimes to nature reserves, and so on.
The development of the route ends with the approval and approval of the route passport. The route passport is used when creating tours.
Hiking is a journey along a route laid over rough terrain, using active modes of transportation.
A hike or a tourist trip is a tourist service (a set of tourism services, a tourist product) that ensures the satisfaction of the health and educational needs of tourists (if the hike is multi-day) with organized active methods of transportation or movement along a tourist route. Hikes can vary in purpose: recreational, adventure (exotic), sports (category routes), educational and training, scientific and educational and others. A long excursion also falls into the category of hiking. There may be hiking trips using active means of transportation (bicycles, motorcycles, cars, rafts, kayaks and boats, other means of transportation, even balloons).
Hikes are divided by type of tourism (hiking, skiing, mountain, water, etc.), by route length, by difficulty category, and by duration.
A tourist trail is a subject and an object of tourist interest. It is always enticing and carries a certain cognitive load. This special concept comes from two types of tourism. The first and most common is a walking path in sanatoriums and holiday homes, designed for easy walks with a controlled length and physical activity. Typically, trails are laid out in a one-way loop, starting and ending in the same place. Such trails are usually self-guided. Signs and information posters are installed on them. A special category consists of nature reserve trails, intended for independent hikes by visitors and tourists on the principle of see and discover. Prepared trails are either provided with information tools, signs, posters, or special brochures with detailed descriptions. There is a special methodology for preparing tourist trails, taking into account safety, intended purpose, and the construction of observation platforms.
There are trails, the passage of which by tourist groups requires the accompaniment of a guide who knows the route, and the passage of which by single tourists is not recommended or prohibited. Particularly difficult routes are equipped with shelters and holiday houses for tourists, and are often supplied with provisions for unforeseen cases.
Another option for a tourist trail is a proven route, on the one hand, passing through (or in accessible proximity for visiting or viewing) the most interesting objects of tourist interest, on the other hand, characterized by optimal loads and the difficulty of overcoming it. Many trails were laid in time immemorial by hunters, pioneers, and local residents. They were then taken over by the ubiquitous tourists, who immediately set up bivouac sites in the most beautiful and accessible places. The concept of a tourist trail also refers to the problems of organizing national and other natural parks. Trails are laid for tourists, on the one hand, they are safe and most attractive, on the other hand, these trails take into account the requirements of ecology and nature conservation, to the extent possible causing the least damage to flora and fauna. According to the “Rules for conducting tourist sports trips…” sports trips are carried out in seven types of tourism, as well as in 6 categories of difficulty:
3. Gorny 2 k.s.
4. Water 3 k.s.
5. Bicycle 4 k.s.
6. Automobile and motorcycle 5 k.s.
7. Speleological 6 k.s. - the most difficult
I will dwell in more detail on the following:
Mountain - a hike in a mountainous area with overcoming obstacles. On a hiking trip, these are crossings, swamps, vegetation, movement without trails, etc. On a mountain hike, the main obstacle is the pass. The pass is the lowest point of the mountain range separating two river valleys. The following types of sports are distinguished:
Mountain tourism, mountaineering and rock climbing.
Mountain tourism is a journey from point A to point B through passes and over mountain peaks. Mountaineering is climbing lightly to the top, descending to camp, resting, and moving on to the next peak. And between the exits there is a mountain camp or a hotel with a hot bath (shower), normal food in the dining room, TV, dancing... Rock climbing- This is wall climbing. Mountain tourism is at the intersection of different sports disciplines. Moreover, mountaineering and rock climbing are not “tourism”.
According to statistics, most tourists go on mountain and water hikes.
Water. This type of tourism is immediately divided into 3 types according to the types of ships. The first type is a kayak. A single-person kayak is called a kayak. The second type is inflatable boats . Inflatable vessels include all kinds of catamarans, inflatable boats and rafts. The third type is sailing ships.
Speleo. These are cave trips. Caves can be horizontal, vertical, the main obstacles of which are wells, and combined. In the latter there are horizontal obstacles along with wells. The most interesting thing is that mountaineering and rock climbing are not “tourism”, but caving is.
These types of tourism are characterized by the method of travel, type of obstacles overcome, length, equipment, category of difficulty.
Hikes are divided according to the difficulty of the route.
In sports tourism there are 6 categories of difficulty. From the first (easiest) to the sixth (most difficult). Hike 1 class. (designated this way) must last at least 6 days, 2 k.s. - at least 8 days, etc. There are also length requirements. So the hiking and skiing routes are 1 class. must have a length of no less than 130 km, 2 k.s - no less than 160 km. For the mountain route the numbers are: 1 class. - no less than 100 km, 2 k.s. - no less than 120 km. In addition to the duration and length, there are also requirements for obstacles encountered along the route. The most difficult obstacles are found in sixes, and the simplest ones - in ones. Everything below 1 k.s. belongs to the category of non-category hikes.
You can go on a hike of a certain complexity if you have experience of the previous category of complexity of this type of tourism. So you can go to the mountain quartet if you have experience in the mountain troika. You can lead if you already have experience participating in hikes of the same category of difficulty and leading hikes of the previous category of difficulty for this type of tourism. Hiking 1 class. people no younger than 13 years old are allowed, in the rest - no younger than 14 years old, in class 2. - not younger than 15 years old. Persons older than 1st grade are allowed to be in management. - 18, 2 k.s. - 19 years…
So, hike 1 k.s. This, on the one hand, is the simplest sports trip, on the other hand, it is a sporting event. Having successfully completed it, each participant COMPLIED THE REQUIREMENTS FOR OBTAINING THE 3rd SPORTS RATE IN TOURISM. For the 2nd category, 2 more trips are required: 2 and 3 k.s. But for the 3rd category it is enough to complete the 1st grade hike.
The organization of hikes and trips within the framework of amateur tourism is carried out by specially trained, in some cases licensed, qualified specialists, who include:
tourist organizer;
tour leader;
tourism instructor;
tourism judges;
Methodists;
workers of control and rescue services (CRS).
The organization and conduct of tourist trips are regulated by the “Rules for Conducting Tourist Sports Tours”, “Instructions for the Organization and Conduct of Tourist Hikes and Expeditions”, “category requirements for sports tourism” and other recommendations of the Tourist and Sports Union of Russia.
In accordance with these requirements, the size of the group is determined by the category and complexity of the route and safety requirements. A group of 10-12 people is considered optimal. The hiker must be well aware of the rules for conducting sports and tourist hikes, be sufficiently prepared and trained, disciplined and follow the instructions of the leader.
The leader of the group is a full-time instructor-guide of a travel company that organizes extreme hikes.
There are several instructor titles:
tourism instructor;
senior instructor;
instructor-methodologist;
instructor-trainer.
Requirements for hikes of various difficulty categories are determined in accordance with the table of standards.
Table No. 1
The minimum group size for hikes of the lowest difficulty category for adults is 4 people. The maximum number of participants in a hike depends on its difficulty:
walks, one- or two-day hikes, expeditions, excursions - up to 30 people;
hikes of 1,2,3 degrees of difficulty - up to 20 people;
The requirements set out in the table are presented to the leader of the tourist group.
table No. 2
The group leader must have sufficient tourism and special (by type of tourism) experience. For hikes of the 1st category of difficulty, training is required in the amount of a seminar for extreme tourism instructors, for categories 2 - in the amount of average tourist training.
Additional requirements for the group leader include:
knowledge of the basics of psychology, developmental physiology;
ability to provide first aid.
The group leader is responsible for the safety, health and life of its participants, and
also for carrying out the hike in accordance with the intended route and plan.
Preparing a trip requires the following steps:
study of the route route and its features;
determining the purpose, type and category (degree) of complexity;
determining the amount of expenses;
calculation of the duration of the trip in days;
development of safety measures, notifying the control and rescue service in whose coverage area the route passes in advance about the conduct of the hike;
assembly and testing of necessary equipment;
food procurement;
development of a schedule plan for deadlines and activities;
selection of participants and distribution of responsibilities;
registration of tourist documentation;
medical examination of participants;
practical and theoretical preparation of participants for the hike;
packaging of equipment, equipment, products, etc.
Difficult and dangerous sections of the route should be passed in small groups under the supervision of an instructor leader. Sections of the route are covered in a certain order, with a leading and trailing section identified; the instructor-group leader corrects their actions.
The group on the route should not be separated unless special safety conditions require it. Particular attention should be paid to driving during bad weather, poor visibility, strong winds, etc. At the same time, the manager makes a decision on an unscheduled stop.
The stopping place should be chosen taking into account its safety, convenience, and proximity to a water source. The camp is set up according to established rules, taking into account fire and environmental safety, if there are no equipped parking areas along the route.
The group leader must have a detailed map of the route, a compass, communications equipment, and also regularly receive a weather forecast from the KKS.
Traveling with ready-made tour packages is an experience that can quickly become boring. After several trips, hotels, restaurants and beaches will seem the same. A independently developed tourist route will give you much more impressions. Moreover, this is how you can discover the true beauty of your native land, as well as see real life in other interesting places on our planet.
You will need:
- Internet;
- cards;
- route book.
Decide on the direction of the route and the goals of the trip. You can cover the same path on foot or by different means of transport. When you start thinking about your route, take into account your financial and time resources, as well as the impressions you would like to receive in the end.
Start by determining your starting point and ending point. Next, outline the main geographic points that you would like to capture. If you plan to travel by car or on foot, use a detailed map to help you choose the best route.
Turn to the Internet to find useful information
The most interesting routes have probably already been described in detail by travel companies or taken by other tourists. Read their impressions on specialized forums, ask questions about difficulties and negative aspects. This way you can adjust the stages of the upcoming path, as well as slightly modify its geography.
It is advisable to post the developed route on the forums of independent travelers, and then experienced tourists will comment on it and give useful advice.
Try to find the best price offer for guest houses or recreation centers, hotels, flights, cafes, restaurants. Go to their websites and book directly. Due to this, you can save a lot if you develop the route yourself.
Collect from various sources and prepare for yourself information about all the sights and interesting places in the area you are going to travel to. Find articles about the history and culture of indigenous peoples, legends and myths of the places you plan to visit. Specify the features of national cuisine. You can prepare printed material by making your own “guide” for the chosen route.
All this will add a lot of unforgettable sensations and impressions to your vacation, and the process of preparing for the trip itself will be exciting.
Don't forget to get permits if you want to visit border areas on your trip.
If you are interested in active tourism and are planning a trip to your native land, it is advisable to coordinate your trip with the Route Qualification Commission (RQC), the Ministry of Emergency Situations. This procedure is required if you are going on an extreme or very difficult trip. Provide the ICC with cartographic material, a route book, and confirmation that there are experienced tourists in your group.
This organization will assess your strength, help with planning, warn about dangerous places, protected areas, and safety precautions. The main advantage of such a step is that ICC representatives will monitor your route. In case of any accident, they will send emergency personnel to search or help your team.
Tourist route development
The quality of a tourist trip depends on many factors, and one of the most important is the consistency of the route. This geographical factor affects the popularity, usefulness, efficiency and safety of tourist travel. The practice of tourism shows that there are logical and illogical routes, and there are much more of the latter. Composing logical routes requires not only maximum regional information, but also the experience, talent and inspiration of the developer. Let us consider the elements of route logic using the example of reference (classified) trips in sports tourism, taking into account the fact that neither the logic of the route, nor the reference routes themselves have received proper analysis in the scientific literature.
The concept of "reference tourist route" appeared within the limits of sports tourism in the Soviet Union in the 60-70s. 20th century and contributed to the development of domestic tourism. The development and approval of reference routes, combined with a strict system for assessing the categorization of travel, have become the basis for the self-organization of sports tourism and a factor in its high level of safety.
Being mostly amateur, sports tourism in the USSR was popular and massive, which was a consequence, in particular, of its self-organizing nature. Optimal forms were found that allowed this activity to develop rapidly and sustainably. These organizational findings have come about thanks to the collective experience and extensive practice of tourist travel. Reference (classified) routes were such a methodical find. Already in those years, there was a need for a theoretical substantiation of this concept, the development of methodological principles for constructing routes, and assessing the optimality of the system of reference routes in various regions. However, scientific approaches to these issues have not yet been developed. Given the usefulness of reference routes for the development of Soviet sports tourism, one can assume their expediency at the present time, when the goals of tourism, its system of organization, and the geographical directions of tourist flows are changing dramatically.
The reference route is a form of qualitative assessment of the complexity of a tourist trip. In sports tourism, numerous criteria are used to determine the degree of difficulty in overcoming natural obstacles, including quantitative ones. With the help of quantitative criteria, an assessment of the complexity of caves, mountain passes or climbing routes to the peaks is formed. At the same time, even at the stage of assessing the complexity of overcoming individual objects (mountain passes, river rapids), the integral indicator is the score of obstacle difficulty categories (1A, 1B, 2A, 2B, etc.), i.e. not only a quantitative criterion, but also a qualitative one. If it is necessary to solve the problem of assessing the complexity of not a single obstacle, but the entire tourist route, then a qualitative form of assessment is indispensable. Such a qualitative assessment is actually the method of correlating a given route with a reference route - a prerequisite for the safety of tourist travel. Sports tourism uses the principle of gradual increase in complexity in the process of acquiring a tourist experience to ensure the safety of travel. To do this, tourist routes are evaluated by difficulty categories by type of sports tourism, and each category involves a certain set of tourist obstacles. Nevertheless, reference routes have been developed for each tourist region of the CIS for different categories of complexity, which are recommended for travel and with which other routes are correlated to assess the complexity of the latter. In this regard, the reference route is involved in the formation of a security system in tourism.
Reference routes were the basis for building a system of sports tourism in the USSR, and now they fulfill this role in Russia. In addition, the use of the method of reference routes helps in the formation of a system for coordinating the activities of public tourism organizations. Such routes represent the basis for regulating amateur tourism and informing its participants.
Reference routes concentrate many years of collective experience and talent of travelers. Since the thirties of the last century and up to the present, many well-known sports tourists, including professional geographers, have been engaged in the development, passage of reference and other routes, determination of the category of difficulty and classification of mountain passes in the regions of Russia and the CIS republics. It is impossible to mention all those involved in this enormous work. A great contribution to the study of the tourism opportunities of the Caucasus was made by V.V. Arsenin, K.E. Akhmedkhanov, B.M. Beroev, N.D. Bondarev, Yu.V. Granilshchikov, E.P. Titkova, N.R. Elbakyan; Pamir-Alai - A.L. Gartsevich, L.A. Maksimov; Pamir - S.I. Alimov, V.M. Abalakov, N.N. Volkov, N.P. Gorbunov, I.G. Dorofeev, D.M. Zatulovsky, V.Yu. Popchikovsky; Tien Shan - S.Ya. Volkov, B.G. Karpov, N.V. Small; Dzungarian Alatau - V.N. Vukolov, V.S. Tikhonov; Altai - M.V. Tronov, S.R. Gromov, V.A. Polyakov, A.F. Kharchenko; Tyva - Yu.P. Seliverstov; Transbaikalia - V.S. Preobrazhensky, Yu.A. Stürmer, Ural - A.O. Kemmerich, S.A., Toropov, R.B. Rubel.
One of the central concepts in tourism is the concept of "route". The category "route" has both common, and geographical, and touristic meaning. In the generally accepted sense, a route is a path with a predetermined trajectory. Note that this category has a spatial rather than a temporal connotation. In this regard, the concept of a route often has a geographical or even astronomical content if its trajectory goes beyond the geographic envelope.
The route is one of the essential concepts in the field of tourism, since tourism in its essence is a route. Tourism differs from other types of activity precisely in the nature of the route, which expresses its sectoral technology and mode of activity. Consider the topological features of the tourist route.
Tourist routes differ in configuration, i.e. the form of a "thread", a path line. There are four main types of routes. The first three of them are elementary, the fourth is composite.
A linear route is a route that starts at one point and ends at another. At the same time, tourists will not repeat the path traveled throughout the entire route.
Ring route - a route that has a ring shape, which begins and ends at the same point. At the same time, tourists, just as in the first case, constantly follow a new path for themselves.
A radial route is a round-trip route. It starts and ends at the same point. Tourists return to the starting point of the route in the same way as they moved forward.
The combined route as a model of tourist travel is used most often. Usually the main line of such a route is linear, sometimes circular, and radial exits are organized from the main line of the route to the sides, which can be of two types: circular and linear. Radial exits are organized in order to visit any interesting tourist sites or obstacles that are away from the main route line.
The tourist route is a concept of socio-economic geography, since the following diverse components of the system are connected in the composition and organization of the tourist route: groups of people, tourist obstacles, sightseeing objects, means of transport and means, objects of tourist infrastructure, and much more. The concept of "tourist route" is closely related to such concepts of domestic and foreign geography as "territorial recreational system", "destination" and "tourist area".
Reference (classified) routes were adopted by tourist public and sports organizations in the Soviet Union, and are now used in the regions of the CIS and various types of tourism. They can be analyzed for the logic of the route. Not all proposed routes are logical. The route, the principles of which are inexpressive, is weakly popular or not in demand at all.
An example of an unpopular reference route can be the hiking (skiing) route of the III category of complexity (hereinafter referred to as c.s.) recommended in many official reference books in the Northern Urals (the village of Kytlym - the city of Konzhakovsky Kamen - the city of Denezhkin Kaman - the village of Vsevolodo-Blagodatskoye ). With external attractiveness (connection in one trip of two interesting separate mountain ranges), the route turned out to be “ungrateful” due to the large distance between the two mountainous regions, which should be overcome through the closed spaces of the windbreak ridged taiga. When compiling the route, the formal approach won (the required number of natural obstacles and kilometers). The idea, tactical decision and logic are not visible here. An example of a logical and popular reference route is the III k.s. along the Eastern Sayan (settlement Arshan - Arshansky pass - river Kitoy - river Shumak - pass Shumaksky - village Nilova Pustyn).
It is the logic of the route that is the most difficult task of its organization, which requires broad geographical and tourist-tactical knowledge and creativity. All the most famous geographical expeditions and travels, successful hiking trips and events were distinguished by a "route idea", a clear logic of the route project.
It should be noted that the logical aspects of the development of routes, the strategy and tactics of its compilation are extremely rarely considered in scientific, and even in applied literature. However, there are publications whose authors feel these aspects very subtly. An example of such original work on the compilation and organization of a tourist route is the article by B. B. Rodoman "The Art of Travel".
A sports tourist route, its configuration is initially built mentally, in accordance with the main idea, i.e. must have the logic of construction, which determines its route line, features of the organization and conduct of the trip. In drawing up a travel itinerary, various logics can be incorporated. The possible approaches to the route construction logic are listed below in sequence.
The intersection logic (Fig. 5) is suitable, for example, for remote and hard-to-reach geographic areas where there are no transport routes within the area. In order to study this area in detail, you need to cross it through, because there are entrance ways only on one side of it, and exit ways are only on the other side. At the same time, sometimes it is necessary to cross not only the tourist area (the area of concentration of the most interesting tourist sites), but also the geographical area, which is usually much larger. For example, crossing the Pamirs, Tibet or any significant island, where transport routes, as a rule, are available only along the outskirts or shores of the island. In such places it is possible, of course, to carry out shorter radial exits - from access roads into the depths of the area, but such routes will not give a complete acquaintance with this area.
The logic of stringing (connections, traverse) is not characteristic of the longest routes, usually within the same tourist area, where several objects of tourist interest can be connected by one linear route. The logic of stringing does not necessarily imply that the main route will traverse through the peaks of interest to tourists - it is enough that it will come as close as possible to them, from where it will be possible to make a short radial exit. The stringing logic allows you to see the most interesting tourist sites in the area, while the configuration route can be circular or linear, with a very winding line.
The logic of visiting (climbing) implies the presence of one (several nearby) large and most interesting tourist site, a cave or a mountain peak, for the sake of which tourists make their trip. The configuration of such routes will, as a rule, be radial, and the logic of such a route is to approach the object of interest and return to the access routes. A typical example of such a route would be a trip to the Man-Pupu-Ner plateau in the Northern Urals, which can only be reached from one side. Accordingly, the configuration of the route will be radial, and the goal is to visit the unique landscape of Man-Pupu-Nera.
The logic of passing (overcoming) (Fig. 8.). Routes for this purpose are more common in such technical types of tourism as mountain and water. Here the meaning of the route is to overcome any specific complex natural obstacles (mountain passes or river rapids), and this route is built in such a way as to pass through them, it consists in approaching them, overcoming the obstacle and then leaving the route.
The logic of the "great path" of travelers is to go through completely extended, linearly elongated natural zones, coasts.
Examples of the organization of such a trail in different countries are known (the Great Appalachian Trail, the Great Ural Trail, the Great Sayan Trail). At the same time, the very elongated shape of the geographical area sets the direction of the route and stimulates the desire of a person, if not with their feet, then with the use of some kind of transport, or at least mentally walk along it. There are enough examples of routes constructed in this way. There were many travelers who traveled completely along all the Ural Mountains, from the steppe Mugodzhary to the coast of the Arctic Ocean. One of the most popular known trips was the expedition "Big Ural, 91" led by N. Rundkvist (Yekaterinburg). The well-known Russian traveler G. Travin was guided by a similar logic - the "great path": he was going to completely pass along the border of the Soviet Union. He began his expedition in 1929. For several years he traveled by bicycle along the border of the USSR, including the Arctic coast.
In the 80s. of the last century, the Russian expedition "Great Northern Path" on dog sleds was carried out, which passed along the coast of the Arctic Ocean from Chukotka to Murmansk under the leadership of S. Solovyov (Yekaterinburg).
direction logic. It may be the direction towards the horizon. Travelers, for example, set the goal of moving east or predominantly east.
This logic is usually present in fairly large trips. For example, the desire of travelers of past centuries to reach the highest possible latitude in the Northern or Southern Hemisphere while moving due north or south. This also applies
and the desire to reach the North or South Pole of the Earth. In today's smaller sporting travels, there is sometimes a logic of direction as well. For example, when traveling in hard-to-reach areas, entrances and approaches to which are possible only from one side. So, when traveling along the Putorana Plateau, tourists tend to move as far as possible to the east, because the entrances to this territory are possible only from the west, and therefore the eastern parts of the plateau are less explored, and therefore more interesting. Often the same goal - to go as far north as possible - is also pursued by tourists traveling through the Polar Urals, the approaches to which are most convenient from the south, from the Seida-Labytnangi railway.
The logic of the historical path. These types of routes are quite common lately.
Many tourist groups plan their trips not so much with a sporting purpose as with an educational one. At the same time, large expeditions are possible, for example, moving along the Great Silk Road or sailing along the path of Christopher Columbus or Magellan. Less grandiose ones are also possible - by Yermak or by the route “From the Varangians to the Greeks”. Very small ones are possible - walk along the Inca trail or ride a bicycle along the abandoned Babinovskaya road in the Perm Territory and Sverdlovsk Region from Solikamsk to Verkhoturye. Moreover, in this case, it is more important for tourists to repeat the line of the old tract, the route of ancient travelers as accurately as possible, and not to find a difficult or easier way, to carry out a route through the most beautiful places.
Logic of research (expedition). A field study (expedition) differs from a tourist trip in the goals and logic of the route.
The logic of training (alpine camp). This is a route from one base camp to various objects, for example, to mountain peaks, during which there is an increase in the complexity of radial routes. Often such logic is used precisely for the purpose of teaching mountain travel under the guidance of an instructor through training in overcoming river crossings, rocky, ice sections, and then difficult ascents to the peaks.
The most perfect version of the route line is the one that is planned on the basis of several factors, where the logic of building the route from the position of many aspects is traced. It is in this way that it is desirable to form a system of reference routes in tourist areas.
The modern expansion of active forms and types of tourism leads to a similar use of the territory, in addition to sports tourism, by such new related activities as active (adventure) tourism, extreme tourism, ecological tourism, etc. In this regard, there is a need to develop scientific geographical foundations for applying the reference approach in tourism. The possibilities of applying this approach to routes outside of sports tourism are increasing. There are new tasks of route standardization in tourism, dictated by the need to ensure a good rest and recovery of people, to satisfy their need for knowledge of territories while observing safety conditions.
One of the tasks is to develop an abstract model of the reference route. The shown model can be suitable for almost any tourist area, especially for such types of tourism as walking, mountain and skiing.
With a bright individuality of each tourist route, one can single out their typical properties and compile their general configuration model. The tourist route, as a rule, starts from any transport hub, where they get by long-range means of transport - trains or planes. This transport hub (point of entry) is usually within the geographical area in which the journey will take place. From the transport hub, tourists usually drive by car to the entry point to the area, which is already located within the immediate tourist area. Here begins the active part of the route.
The approach to the main part of the journey usually takes place along roads or trails. On the route, the obstacles that are chosen to be overcome always begin (at least, this is recommended) with simpler ones, which are located on the approaches to the main part of the route, where objects of tourist interest are concentrated.
As a rule, simple obstacles in mountain travel are simple passes, crossings, canyons, peaks or traverses. After several more or less simple obstacles, when tourists are already drawn into the marching rhythm and they have some acclimatization to high-mountain environmental conditions (or others that differ from the usual), they enter the area of concentration of tourist sites, for which the trip is usually carried out in this tourist area. area.
A visit to such a most interesting place for tourists can be carried out both in a linear continuous route, and when making circular radial exits. Here there are already more complex obstacles, perhaps even the most difficult in technical and physical terms. It is better to get acquainted with the area of concentration of tourist objects closer to the second half of the trip, when the tourists have already sufficiently acclimatized, entered their maximum physical and technical form.
Quite often there is a point in the middle of the route where the routes of many tourist groups traveling in this tourist area intersect. Usually this is a beautiful place with a good view, with conditions convenient for parking a large number of tourists, where elements of tourist infrastructure (bases, huts, helipads) can be formed. In such places, tourist groups often leave food supplies and some equipment, and from here they make circular and linear radial exits.
Toward the end of the journey, when the group has already acclimatized well and still has enough physical and moral strength, tourists make a linear radial exit to overcome some main (key) obstacle, usually more difficult in terms of physical indicators. After that, they usually pass another difficult obstacle (but not the maximum difficulty for this route), which separates tourists from the already fairly easy exit routes from the tourist area.
After this last difficult obstacle, the exit from the tourist area, which is not difficult either physically or technically, begins - usually along paths and roads, which ends either in some settlement or in a place where a road suitable for motor vehicles approaches. From here, tourists leave this tourist area on a scheduled or hired vehicle to a transport hub (departure point), which is already located outside the tourist area, but usually still within this geographical area. Then the tourists return home by long-haul means of transport (trains or planes).
There are many examples of compliance with such an abstract model of a sports tourist route in almost all tourist areas. We will illustrate this model with the route of a sports trip along the Katunsky ridge in Altai.
The geographical area of this route is Altai, the point of entry, the transport hub, where they reach by long-range means of transport, is the city of Biysk. From it, tourists are already getting by regular or hired vehicles to the tourist area - the Katunsky ridge.
The entry point directly to the active part of the route, which can be reached by car, is the village of Tungur. Further along the road and trail there is an approach to the main part of the route, where objects of tourist interest are concentrated, through simple passes (Kazuyak - a non-categorical pass, Kara-Turek - a pass of 1A category of difficulty). The main part of the trip along the Katunsky ridge can be carried out in its different parts, depending on which of them are more interesting for a particular group of tourists.
These can be passages of passes in the Akkem river basin or in the Kucherla river basin - in the annular radial exit; or maybe in the area of the source of the Katun River (but then in this case it will already be a continuous linear route). The crossing point of the routes of many tourist groups is either Lake Akkemskoye, or Lake Kucherlinskoye, or the Brothers Tronovy glacier, from where climbing Mount Belukha is usually made.
After traveling through the area of concentration of objects of tourist interest, tourists sometimes make a radial exit to climb Mount Belukha, the highest peak of Altai. Further, the route passes through a difficult pass (most often it is the Delaunay Pass - 2A-2B category of difficulty, or the Burevestnik Pass - 2A category of difficulty) and begins access to the valley of the Katun River along one of its right tributaries, along the trails.
The exit point is one of the villages on the Katun, most often the village of Tungur, which was also the entry point. Then the tourists go by car to the transport hub Biysk.
The authors believe that the presented abstract model of an active tourist route is not far-fetched, but expresses the approach to sports travel that has developed over many years of practice. The model seems to be optimal - it has been tested by many generations of tourists in different types of tourism and in different areas.
Reference tourist routes are in fact district-forming flows and, in this regard, can serve as criteria for tourist zoning of the territory. The network of routes, its hierarchy can underlie the tourist topology of the region and form a mosaic of tourist areas.
Reference tourist routes perform connecting, organizing roles in territorial recreational systems, the doctrine of which was developed by outstanding geographers, who are also specialists in sports tourism, and is the most scientifically designed and accomplished. Such routes fix and link the main structural elements of territorial recreational systems, especially in peripheral and mountainous areas.
The use of the concept of "reference tourist route" is impossible without studying many socio-economic issues, for example, the issues of the current infrastructural provision of reference routes, the correspondence of free time and income of a modern person to his "route" needs and opportunities, the correspondence of specific trajectories of spatio-temporal behavior of people to the lines of reference routes etc.
In conclusion, we note that domestic tourism has a special history, traditions and specifics, which are advisable to rely on in modern planning and management of tourism processes in the regions. Amateur tourism was a particularly successful form of tourism in the USSR, providing opportunities for a large proportion of the population to engage in this activity.
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State autonomous educational institution
Secondary vocational education
Novokuybyshevsk State Humanitarian and Technological College
COURSE WORK
Technology for developing a tourist route using the example of a tour
"Samara - Kazan"
Fenenko Ksenia Vladimirovna
3rd year students group 32
specialty 1 Tourism
Full-time form of education
Teacher: Golovina I.V.
Grade:______________
Teacher's signature
I.V. Golovin
Introduction
1. The main cultural and historical centers of Kazan, and their attractions
1.1 Kazan Kremlin
1.3 Mansion Z.N. Ushakova
1.4 Temple of All Religions
1.7 Millennium Bridge
1.8 Lover's Arc
2. Technology for developing a tourist route
Conclusion
Bibliography
Appendix 1. Basic concepts and definitions
Appendix 2. Technological map of tourist travel along the route Samara - Kazan for 20__
Appendix 3
Introduction
The development of routes, the formation of tours and various excursion programs, the provision of basic and additional services constitute the technology of tourist services, that is, the production of a specific tourist product designed to satisfy the need for tourist services. In our case, the Samara - Kazan tour.
The city of Kazan, originally a small border fortress, has survived through the most difficult vicissitudes of history and has become the largest city today. Kazan, which arose at the turn of the 10th-9th centuries, 400 years later turned into the capital of the state - the Kazan Khanate, and later took an important place in the history of Russia.
Kazan, located geographically at the junction of Europe and Asia, is a multicultural and multi-religious city, where the interaction of Tatar and Russian cultures has developed over centuries. The fusion of two cultures and religions created something original, characteristic only of Kazan and reflected in its unique architectural appearance.
There are 158 religious communities and organizations in the city, mainly these communities represent the traditional religions of Kazan: Islam - 69 and Orthodox - 50. Together with them, Jews, Catholics, Lutherans and religious associations of Protestant and other directions peacefully coexist.
In Kazan there are four higher theological educational institutions: the Kazan Theological Seminary, the Russian Islamic University, the Higher Muslim Madrasah “Muhammadiyya”, the Higher Muslim Madrasah named after the 1000th anniversary of the adoption of Islam, and Sunday schools. In Kazan, there are 120 medical and preventive institutions, employing more than 15 thousand people.
Today, Kazan generously hosted the Universiade in 2013, which undoubtedly became one of the most important pages in its history.
The purpose of this course work is to identify the features of the existing cultural and historical centers of Kazan, their description based on a theoretical analysis of the literature.
The object of this study is the diversity of cultural and historical centers of Kazan.
The subject of the study is the tourism resources of the cultural and historical centers of Kazan.
Coursework objectives:
Highlight the features of the main attractions of Kazan;
Develop the possibilities of the Samara - Kazan tourist route.
1. Main cultural and historical centers of KazAni and their attractions
Among the city attractions, the “calling card” of Kazan especially stands out - the view of the Millennium Square and the Kremlin from the Kazanka: the “flying saucer” of the Kazan Circus and the Syuyumbike Tower, the Annunciation Cathedral and the Kul-Sharif Mosque, framed by the Kremlin walls, form a spectacular silhouette that has become a symbol cities.
In addition, there are many museums in Kazan, among which there are both large museum complexes (Museum of Fine Arts, National Museum, Hermitage-Kazan, Museum of Archeology and History, etc.) and small industry museums (for example, the Museum of the History of Communications ) and museum-apartments of prominent people (E. Boratynsky, M. Gorky, G. Tukay, M. Jalil, V.I. Lenin, etc.) And at one time G.R. walked along the ancient streets of Kazan. Derzhavin, L.N. Tolstoy, M.I. Butlerov, N.I. Lobachevsky, F.I. Chaliapin, and other great personalities of our fatherland.
Modern Kazan is a very hospitable city, which is always happy to host guests from various parts of Russia and the world and is ready to show off all its attractions.
1.1 Kazan Kremlin
The Kremlin is the living heart of Kazan. This is where the city began, this is where its history was born. A new multi-minaret Ottoman-style mosque and an ancient Orthodox cathedral stand side by side in this fortress. It is worth walking along its medieval walls, climbing the towers, and looking into the museums. To understand who Kazan people are and what Kazan is. The Kazan Kremlin Museum-Reserve is included in the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites. The architectural ensemble of the Kazan Kremlin is interesting because even today it retains the features of all the centuries that have passed over it.
The very walk along the high white stone walls makes an impression, and if you climb the Preobrazhenskaya Tower to the very roof, the entire city center is at your fingertips! The only and main street of the fortress remembers the Bulgarian emirs, Golden Horde khans and Russian tsars. This is the first street in Kazan paved with cobblestones, and it still has a historical appearance today.
On the territory of the fortress there is the famous “leaning” tower of Queen Syuyumbike. By the millennium of Kazan, a branch of the St. Petersburg Hermitage opened, located in the building of the former Junker School. In the same building there are museums - the Great Patriotic War Memorial Museum, the Natural History Museum, and the Khazine (Treasury) art gallery.
The Kremlin houses the first Orthodox cathedral in the Middle Volga region - the Annunciation Cathedral, built immediately after the capture of Kazan. It was built in the middle of the 16th century by Pskov craftsmen. At the Hermitage-Kazan center, school excursions are offered the quest “In Search of Treasure.”
In the Museum of Islam in the Kul-Sharif mosque, you can attend a master class “The Art of Wearing a Headscarf” and learn what beauty means in Muslim terms, how Kazan Tatar women wore headdresses at the end of the 19th century, why Muslim women leave only their faces and hands open, what There are 15 ways to tie a scarf.
This square has been known since the 16th century, and at that time, lively trade was in full swing, decrees were announced and ceremonies were performed. It was filled with shops, taverns, and local and visiting people crowded here. In 1774, Emelyan Pugachev’s troops stood on this square, shelling the Kremlin. From here in 1813, Kazan residents escorted the people's militia to fight Napoleon. At the beginning of the 20th century, the square witnessed revolutionary events. One of the central Kazan streets begins from the square - Kremlevskaya and the steep Ivanovsky Descent. At the beginning of the 20th century, tram tracks ran here. The square received its current name - May 1 Square, which corresponds to the spirit of the new era, in the 20s of the 20th century. Since the 17th century, it was called Ivanovskaya in honor of the St. John the Baptist Monastery. The remains of this monastery can be seen to this day. In the 90s of the 19th century, an attempt was made to rename the square Alexandrovskaya in honor of the monument to Alexander II the Liberator erected here in 1895. The monument has not survived to this day; it was demolished after the revolution. In 1920, a plaster monument “Liberated Labor”, made by sculptor V. Bogatyrev, was installed on its pedestal. Time has not been kind to him either. In 1966, a monument to M. Jalil, designed by sculptor V. E. Tsigal and architect L. G. Golubovsky, rose on the square. This square has been the center of city government for the past centuries. The building in which the city administration is located has been regularly serving the needs of city government since the 30s of the 19th century. The building of the National Museum of the Republic of Tatarstan, which was restored after a fire in 1987 in the form in which the townspeople saw it more than 100 years ago, attracts attention. In 1895, the City Museum was organized in Kazan, the basis of which was the exhibits of the Scientific and Industrial Exhibition held in Kazan in 1890, and the private collection of the major Kazan collector Andrei Fedorovich Likhachev. Before the revolution, the museum was called nothing less than “Likhachevsky”, and it is its monogram that adorns the entrance to the museum.
1.3 Mansion Z.N. Ushakova
In 1903, Karl Muefke, a fashionable Kazan architect, received an order to build a mansion on Voskresenskaya Street. The customer was a hereditary honorary citizen, nephew of the owner of chemical plants in Bondyuga P.K. Ushkov - Alexey Konstantinovich Ushkov. In the mid-1900s. A.K. Ushkov married the daughter of Kazan University professor N.F. Vysotsky - Zinaida. The creation of K. Müfke was presented to his young wife as a wedding gift. To this day, the memory of the former owner has been preserved in the form of “ZU” monograms on the building. The palace was lavishly decorated on the outside and amazed with its interior decoration. The interiors were designed in different styles. There were German, Chinese, Moorish, Gothic and other halls. Since 1919, the building has housed the National Library of the Republic of Tatarstan.
1.4 Temple of All Religions
The International Cultural Center for Spiritual Unity is an architectural structure in the village of Old Arakchino in the city of Kazan, the construction of which began in 1994 by artist, architect, sculptor, healer and public figure Ildar Khanov. According to the author and owner of the complex, it was built as an architectural symbol of religions, cultures and civilizations. Services and rituals are not held in the complex. The ensemble contains an Orthodox church, a Muslim mosque, a Jewish synagogue, and a pagoda. In total, the project includes domes and other iconic elements of religious buildings of 16 world religions, incl. disappeared civilizations. Ildar Khanov called the building the “Universal Temple”, or “Temple of All Religions”.
1.5 Kazan State Circus
The history of the circus in Kazan goes back more than 100 years. The first circus building in the city was built in 1890 by the Nikitin brothers. The modern building for 2,312 spectators was built in 1967 according to a unique project by Tatgrazhdanproekt and at one time surprised the famous architect Oscar Niemeyer. The Kazan State Circus operates under the patronage of the Ministry of Culture of the Republic of Tatarstan. In 1995, a museum was opened at the circus. Since 1996, the Republican Children's Circus School has been operating at the circus.
1.6 Aquatics Palace
Large indoor sports facility in Kazan. One of the few and largest of its kind in Russia, the palace is intended for training and competitions in water sports, but can also be used as a universal sports palace. It is the competitive arena of the 2015 World Aquatics Championships and one of the most important venues of the 2013 Summer Universiade in the sports of swimming, diving, synchronized swimming. Located in the middle of the city, at Sibgata Khakim, 70, in the south-eastern part of the Novo-Savinovsky district, on the banks of the Kazanka River, at the end of Chistopolskaya Street.
1.7 Mellenium Bridge
Cable-stayed bridge, the highest bridge in Kazan. It crosses the Kazanka River, connecting Vishnevsky Street with Amirkhan Avenue and being part of the Small Kazan Ring. The total length of the bridge crossing is 1524 meters, including a 318-meter cable-stayed part, a 517-meter beam part and 689 meters of road crossings, with approaches to the bridge more than 3 kilometers long. The main feature of the bridge is the M-shaped pylon, which is over 45 meters high and 64 meters at its base.
1.8 Lover's Arc
A modern landmark of the city of Kazan. Located at the entrance to the Black Lake park from Lobachevsky Street. The arch has an elliptical shape, due to which it has such an acoustic effect: if two people are on opposite sides of the arch and speak in a whisper into the internal niches of the arches, then they can hear each other perfectly.
In the first chapter we examined the most important historical and cultural monuments of Kazan. There are quite a few of them and they all reflect the development of culture and industry. All the historical and cultural centers we have considered can be divided into 2 large groups: industrial monuments (life history) and cultural monuments (monasteries, museums, architectural monuments.)
2. Tourist route development technology
The result of designing a tourist service is technological documents (technological maps, rules, instructions, etc.).
1. Technological map of the route(Appendix 2).
When developing a technological route map, the main indicators of the route, place of stay, arrival dates, approximate (expected) number of tourists, program for serving tourists traveling along the route, description are determined.
2. Route passport(Appendix 3).
The route passport is a more detailed description of the route, includes organizational and legal aspects, regulates the relationship between the tourism enterprise, the tourist and the company that has entered into a partnership agreement with the tour operator. The terms and conditions of travel insurance are also reflected here.
3. Information leaflet.
According to the Laws “On the Protection of Consumer Rights” and “On the Fundamentals of Tourism Activities in the Russian Federation”, the tourist must be provided with reliable and complete information about the upcoming trip. Therefore, the information sheet must be included in the set of mandatory documents handed over to the client. It reflects basic information about the host country, the host company, the safety conditions of tourists on the route, the necessary contact numbers for communication with the Russian Embassy and the host company. It may also contain other documents: tour program memo, maps (Appendix 4), brochures, etc.
4. Route directory.
Each destination manager compiles an information catalog that reflects all the information on the route, the country of stay, cities, descriptions of hotels (rooms, meals, services) and excursions. Usually this is a colorfully designed album in which the client, upon coming to the company, can and should find everything that may interest him, and the manager, having received regional studies training, must provide all the information on questions that arise.
Recently, creating a tour using a computer has become increasingly popular, both in the company itself and at home. Based on the appropriate software, a tour is created in real time that would best satisfy the client’s needs. If there are appropriate agreements with transport companies and a ticket printing machine, a travel agency can issue a ticket for a tour right in its office, book hotel rooms and the whole range of related tourist services.
2.1 Existing tourist routes
Currently, the republican route “Pearl Necklace of Tatarstan” is actively developing, which in the future will unite all tourist centers.
At the regional level, short sightseeing tours of interesting historical monuments are offered:
- “Vivid impressions” - a fairly extensive route with the sights of Kazan, where the entire route passes through places of mass celebrations (this route is better to choose on the day of a holiday);
- “Ancient Khanate” - much in the appearance of the city has changed beyond recognition, and many architectural monuments of Kazan have sunk into oblivion and were lost forever. The route is designed in such a way as to look beyond the time line of Kazan and we will try to get to know the city as it was hundreds of years ago;
- “The City in Details” is a fairly short route, but very beautiful and delightful places in the city are highlighted, the entire route is practically one straight line, passing through the center of Kazan and ending on a delightful new embankment under the snow-white Kazan Kremlin.
So, the existing offers of tourist operators do not cover all the historical centers of Kazan. They are clearly structured according to areas, with religious programs chosen as a priority.
However, I believe that there would be a greater demand for more extensive programs, with obligatory visits not only to monasteries and mosques, but to exhibitions and modern architecture, since this is an integral part of the culture of Kazan, and also to try to combine walking excursions with outside excursions.
2.2 Development of a new tourist route Samara - Kazan
Our entire tour of the sights of Kazan can be divided into 5 days, so we try to combine in our excursion not only historical places, but also monuments and contemporary art; our tour also includes not only walking, but also outdoor and water trips.
1 day (walking tour)
Our journey starts from May 1 Square and continues along Kremlevskaya Street , until recently, called, like most central streets in the Soviet Union, Lenin Street. On Kremlevskaya Street there is the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Tatarstan (Kremlevskaya, 9), and once in this house, which belonged to the merchants Krupennikov, the “European Numbers” were located. On the other side of the street, the building of the Institute of Geology of the Kazan Federal University, built in 1734 - 1741, stretches for an entire block. for theological seminary. Going down the street. M. Jalil to the right, we will find ourselves at the gates of one of the most beautiful churches in Kazan - the Peter and Paul Cathedral. Opposite is the Lyceum. N.I. Lobachevsky at KFU, and earlier this building housed the Mariinsky Women's Gymnasium. Returning to “Kazansky Prospekt” - Kremlevskaya Street, we will plunge into the atmosphere of commercial life of the 19th century. Before us are two passages - Aleksandrovsky (Kremlevskaya, 17) and Chernoyarovsky (Kremlevskaya, 21), which received their names after the owners. In the 19th century, democratic guest courtyards were replaced by new types of commercial buildings - arcades, so trade moved from the streets into the depths of the buildings.
Another trading house was built with funds from M. F. Sapozhnikov in 1910 - 1911. Nowadays the Main Post Office is located in this building (Kremlevskaya, 8). Opposite, on the right side of the street, is the building of the Prosecutor's Office of the Republic of Tatarstan. Previously, there were houses of the military district court, military governor and police and fire stations. Above the police department building stood a fire tower, on which special signals were hung in the form of balloons and flags, by which citizens learned about the start of a fire, the severity of the frost, the time of street lighting, etc. Now on the site of the former tower stands the building of the Institute of Physics of the Kazan Federal University, on the opposite side there is another university building - the Chemical Institute. Until the 1930s on this site there was the Resurrection Cathedral, after which the street was called Resurrection. In front of the building there is a park named after. Lobachevsky, in the center of which in 1896 a monument was erected - a bust of N. I. Lobachevsky, made by the sculptor M. I. Dillon. Behind the square is a branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The building has been significantly rebuilt, but its interiors have partially retained the charm of the time when the Kseninsky Women's Gymnasium (named after Grand Duchess Ksenia Alexandrovna) was located here and schoolgirls in white aprons descended the stairs decorated with wrought iron bars. Near the square is the National Library of the Republic of Tatarstan, located in a mansion known as the Ushkova House. The street ends with the Kazan Federal University complex. If you turn at the end of the street. Kremlevskaya to the right, you will get to the street. Universitetskaya, which first intersects with the street. Profsoyuznaya, and then from the pedestrian street. Bauman. At the intersection of Universitetskaya and Profsoyuznaya streets there are several good restaurants: “Myasnoy Udar”, “Fish” and a restaurant of Uzbek cuisine “Rubai”. Lovers of national cuisine should turn to Profsoyuznaya Street, where the Pertsov cafe is located in the house where the writer E.P. Pertsov lived. By this time evening has fallen on the city and you can enjoy the beauty of evening Kazan
Day 2 (walking tour).
In the morning, meet at the intersection of Universitetskaya and Profsoyuznaya streets. Turning down the street. Trade union to the left and passing the house where on September 7, 1833 A. S. Pushkin visited the Kazan writer E.P. Pertsov, we will go out to the main Kazan square - Tukay Square, which Kazan residents still call the Ring, because in At one time there really was a tram ring here. Directly opposite us is the new shopping center "Koltso" with the high-rise hotel "Grand Hotel Kazan" adjoined behind it - the largest in the city. The Kazan Excursion Center is now located in the hotel lobby. A building with columns standing on a hill attracts our attention - the Institute of Economics and Finance of KFU. To the left of it on the hill there is a monument to the revolutionary Mullanur Vakhitov. Nearby stands the new building of the Russian Pension Fund branch. Turning from the street. To the right of Profsoyuznaya, on Tukay Square, we will see an underground passage connecting two pedestrian streets - Petersburgskaya and Bauman. Here is the entrance to the Tukaya Square station of the Kazan metro. At the beginning of the street. In St. Petersburg, a monument was erected to the famous scientist, son of the poet Nikolai Gumilyov, Turkologist and writer Lev Gumilyov. Despite its historical past, Petersburgskaya is one of the youngest streets in the city, almost entirely built up with new buildings. To the right of the underground passage is the building of the Tatarstan Hotel, once the central and largest hotel in Kazan. Next, our walk will continue along the pedestrian Bauman Street. Its historical name, Bolshaya Prolomnaya, dates back to the time of the capture of Kazan by Ivan the Terrible. According to legend, it was from this side that an undermining was made under the town wall, and a “big breach” was formed at the site of the explosion. Since 1930, the street has been named after the revolutionary figure Nikolai Bauman, born in Kazan in 1873. Almost the entire block on the right is occupied by the GUM store complex (Main Department Store), which unites a number of buildings from different periods. On Tukay Square, a lot reminds of the heroes of the works of the greatest Tatar poet G. Tukay: this is the clock “Tukay’s Tales”, with Arabic letters on the dial, and the mosaic panels that decorate the metro station, and the “Su Anasy” fountain (2000, author I. N. Bashmakov). Su anasy (water mother) is a spirit of water, a female creature, approximately the same as a mermaid in Russian fairy tales. The attributes of a water woman are considered to be golden buckets or a golden comb. On the other side of the street is the Shalyapin Palace Hotel, a hotel built on the site of the apartment building of E. S. Smolentseva and N.P. Shmeleva. Nearby there is a monument to F. I. Chaliapin (author A. V. Balashov), erected in 1999, and the Church of the Epiphany (Bauman, no. 78), which is one of the architectural symbols of Kazan. At the intersection of Bauman and Astronomicheskaya streets there is a restaurant “House of Tatar Cooking”, and opposite it is a more affordable “House of Tea”, where you can taste dishes of Tatar cuisine. Let's continue our journey along the street. Bauman. On the left you can see the building of the former Tatarstan cinema (now a bookstore); in 1908, one of the first Kazan cinemas, Apollo, was opened here. Nearby is the children's cafe "Ekiyat", which translated from Tatar means "fairy tale". The large gray building on the right side (Baumana, 17) is one of the monuments of Soviet constructivism - the Printing House, built in 1933-1935. designed by architect S. S. Peng. After leaving Bauman Street, we will find ourselves at the Fair Square, located under the Kremlin, where various events are held on major city holidays. The square received its current name in memory of the fairs that were held on this site back in the Middle Ages. On the right side of the square there is an unusual circus building, next to which is the stadium of the Kazan football club "Rubin" with 10,000 seats and the Kazan Sports Palace with an ice arena. The triangular building on Bulak is the cultural and entertainment complex “Pyramid” with a concert hall, bowling alley, restaurant, disco and fitness club. The building of the Mirage Hotel rises next to the Kazan Pyramid.
Day 3 (field excursion)
We go to the village of Old Arakchino, where the Temple of All Religions is located. According to the author: The Ecumenical Temple was not intended as a place where people of different religions would pray side by side. People have not yet come to Monotheism. The temple is an architectural symbol of all religions, a museum of religions. Its name: Ecumenical Temple, international cultural center of spiritual unity. An art gallery is open and operating in the building as a cultural center, where not only exhibitions are held, but also master classes; a concert hall where musical and poetry evenings are held.
In the evening, returning from the village of Old Arakchino, we will drive across another architectural work of modern Kazan - the Millennium Bridge. Under each of the pylon halves there is a bridge crossing with three vehicle lanes and an isolated pedestrian sidewalk. The bridge owes its name to the thousandth anniversary of Kazan, on the eve of which it was commissioned. The letter “M” implemented in the bridge pylon also symbolizes the thousand-year history of the city due to the fact that it is the first in the word millennium in Tatar and Latin ( Millennium) languages. Many townspeople simply call the bridge "Millennium".
Day 4 - boat trip along the Volga River.
Since Kazan is one of the largest ports on the Volga River. It is from here that many exciting journeys along the rivers of the Volga-Kama basin originate. Kazan River Port is one of the major transport hubs of Kazan, providing entertainment, passenger, and cargo transportation along the rivers of Russia. The main route for ship traffic is, of course, the Volga River. River trips on small, comfortable ships plying along the Volga in the vicinity of Kazan are especially enjoyable. Two-hour walks along the river - every day in the summer.
Day 5 - free walk around the city and sights.
The routes we have developed still need to be implemented. To do this, first of all, you need to agree with hotels on the accommodation of tourists, clearly calculate the work and departure times of buses, and so on, that is, completely regulate the time of tourists. In order for these routes to become popular, they must have the following criteria: be accessible (the developed routes are quite affordable, their approximate cost does not exceed 5000-6000 rubles), interesting (we included all the most interesting centers of Kazan in the routes). Therefore, I believe that the developed routes may well attract a large number of tourists.
Kazan tourist route development
Conclusion
In this course work, we examined the cultural and historical centers of Kazan, and their attractions, as well as the modern architecture of the city.
Some of them were irretrievably lost, some were preserved and restored; many church buildings are in a dilapidated state to this day, and continue to be destroyed by wind and time.
Many old churches were rebuilt in an uncontrolled and barbaric manner during the years of Soviet power. Domes and belfries were demolished, bells fell to the ground. Additional partitions and ceilings appeared inside the prayer rooms, disfiguring their appearance. Thus, damage was caused to unique historical monuments, sometimes irreparable. Even today, sometimes unauthorized archaeological excavations are carried out in abandoned church buildings, during which the floors, walls, and basements are destroyed.
So, in this course work we characterized the historical and cultural centers of Kazan. There are quite a few of them throughout the city, they all reflect the development of culture and industry. All the historical and cultural centers we have considered can be divided into 3 large groups: industrial monuments (life history) and cultural monuments (monasteries, museums, architectural monuments), modern architecture. Existing tourism programs, in our opinion, do not satisfy the curiosity needs of tourists. All of them are clearly divided thematically; there is not a single complete sightseeing tour of the cultural and historical centers of the city.
In this course work, a tourist route was developed for people who are curious and open to new trends of the times.
Bibliography
1. Agafonov N.Ya. Historical explanatory note of the names of Kazan streets. Kazan, 1899.
2. Bardin K.V. ABC of tourism. On the technology of pedestrian travel, M.; 1981
3. Goliks R., Vilborg A. Exhibition of paintings: “Artistic treasures of Kazan”, 1916.
4. Grigoriev V.N.. Water tourism. - M.: Profizdat, 1990.
5. Guliev N.A., Smagulov B.K. Standardization and certification of socio-cultural and tourist services: FLINT training manual; IPSI, 2011
6. Zorin A.I. Tourist centers and localities in Russia Theory and practice of physical culture. - 2000. - No. 8.
7. Kvartalnov V.A., Zorin I.V. "Tourism and industry systems." Moscow, 2002
8. Kotler F., Bowen J., Makens J. Marketing. Hospitality. Tourism: Textbook, Unity-Dana, 2012.
9. Razdolgin A.A. History of Kazan in documents and materials. 19th century Book III: Management, budget, economy Kazan: Main Archival Department under the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Tajikistan, 2011
10. Saratovtsev Yu.I. “Tourism Technology”, textbook. St. Petersburg, St. Petersburg State University of Economics and Economics, 2002
Annex 1. Basic concepts and definitions
Route-- this is a pre-planned route of movement for a tourist over a certain time in order to provide him with the services provided for by the program.
Tour -- this is a range of services for accommodation, transportation, meals for tourists, excursion services, as well as the services of guides and interpreters, provided depending on the purpose of the trip.
There is a more general definition which states that tour-- this is an individual or group trip along a specific route at a specific time. A tour is a commercial form of a tourism product, its natural embodiment.
The document giving the right to a tour is a tourist travel package or voucher.
Tourist package is a document confirming payment for the services provided by the program. Currently, a tourist voucher of the TUR-1 form is used, developed by the State Committee for the Federal Trade of Russia together with the Russian Association of Travel Agencies (RATA) and the League for the Protection of the Rights of Travelers. The travel form was approved by a letter from the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated April 10, 1996, is a strict reporting form and contains the optimal set of details that give the client the most complete information about the upcoming tour. This voucher form is standard, which allows travel agencies to supplement them with other necessary data when reproducing vouchers. This form of voucher is used in settlements with the population to account for cash without the use of cash registers. The date of issue of the voucher and the date of its sale are reflected in the accounting accounts. When transferring the voucher, the tear-off coupon remains as a document confirming the fact and date of sale of the tourism product, and serves as the basis for a value added tax (VAT) benefit. When paying in cash, voucher stubs are stored together with other cash documents. For non-cash payments, the enterprise must ensure that the stubs of issued vouchers are recorded and stored.
Voucher- this is a document on the basis of which foreign tourists are served and mutual settlements with the company are made.
Tourist routes are classified according to various criteria: type, seasonality, route construction, duration, methods of transportation and content.
Annex 2. Technological map of tourist travel along the route Samara - Kazanfor 20_____year
route name
1. Main route indicators
Type of route_______________________________________________________________
Route length (km)________________________________________
including by transport (specify type of transportation)(km)____________________
By active methods (on foot, on boats (rafts) or other methods - indicate) (km)_________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
Duration of travel (days) ___________________________
Number of tourists in the group and number of groups__________________________
Total tourists along the route _____________________________________
Total man-days of service ______________________________
Start of service on route _______________________________
End of service on the route______________________________
Cost of the trip (rub.)________________________________________________
Schedule of arrivals of tourist groups by periods (months, days)
Tour operator address_________________________________________________
2. Travel program along the route __________________________
Appendix 3
|
Stay time |
Route length (km) |
Stopping point |
Notes |
Way to travel |
||
|
Samara-Kazan |
The hotel is negotiated by the tour operator. |
|||||
|
st. Jalil |
Let's go to the street. Kremlin Ministry of Education |
Walking tour |
||||
|
Peter and Paul Cathedral - Universitetskaya St. |
Lobachevsky Lyceum Alexander Passage, bust of Lobachevsky National Library |
Walking tour |
||||
|
Hotel "Tatarstan" - Church of the Epiphany |
Stadium Rubin" |
Hotel "Kazan", monument to Vakhitov, monument to Gumilyov, Tukay's clock, Su Anasy fountain, monument to Chaliapin, |
Walking tour |
|||
|
Rubin Stadium - Kazan State Circus |
Palace of Water Sports |
CRC "Pyramid", Hotel "Mirage" |
Walking tour |
|||
|
Aquatic Sports Palace - Black Lake Park |
Hotel "Kremlevskaya Kazan" |
Arch of lovers, symbols of the Universiade 2013 |
Walking tour |
|||
|
Hotel "Kremlin Kazan" - Temple of All Religions |
River walk |
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