Presentation - military-industrial complex of the Moscow region. Russian military-industrial complex Artificial satellite ballistic missile

The military-industrial complex of Russia is a powerful system of enterprises,
producing military equipment,
weapons and ammunition

Composition of the defense industry

Design bureaus;
Research organizations;
Testing laboratories and
polygons;
Manufacturing enterprises;
Civil products.

Peculiarities

Complex products;
High technical level;
Qualified personnel;
Every 10th resident of Russia
associated with the defense industry;
High costs for the defense industry →
lower standard of living;
Closed cities.

Industries of the defense industry Nuclear weapons complex

Mining of uranium ores;
Uranium enrichment;
Assembly of nuclear weapons;
Disposal of nuclear waste.

Aviation industry

Accommodation in large
industrial centers;
Everything is designed by the Moscow Design Bureau and
Moscow region. Taganrog in the form
exceptions.

Rocket and space industry

The most knowledge-intensive and technically
complex;
Production of products in almost all
Russia;
Cosmodromes – Baikonur, Plesetsk and
Free;
Anti-aircraft missiles are being tested at
Kapustin Yar training ground.

Artillery and small arms weapons

Mikhail Kalashnikov assault rifle
Timofeevich - used by 55 countries
peace;
Small arms production centers
weapons – Tula, Kovrov, Vyatskie
Polyany, Izhevsk, Klimovsk;
Artillery systems –
Ekaterinburg, Perm, Nizhny
Novgorod, Volgograd.

Armor industry

In the past one of the most developed
industries;
Tanks are produced in factories
Nizhny Tagil and Omsk;
Armored personnel carrier - Arzamas;
BMP - Kurgan.

MILITARY-INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX

• Study the structure of the military-industrial complex.
• To form an idea of ​​the role of the military-industrial complex in the Russian economy.
• Analyze maps and determine the geography of the military-industrial complex.
• Highlight the problems of the military-industrial complex.
• Give the concept of conversion.

Check of knowledge

1.Continue the sentence:

A) Production by the enterprise of homogeneous products…….

B) Productive connections between enterprises…….

C) Mechanical engineering is divided into labor-intensive and…….

2. Labor-intensive mechanical engineering includes:

A) Instrumentation

B) Machine tool industry

B) Metallurgical engineering

3. Enterprises gravitate towards metallurgical bases:

A) precision engineering

B) heavy

4. Match:

1. Naberezhnye Chelny a. VAZ

2.Tolyatti b.UAZ

3. Nizhny Novgorod v. GAZ

4.Ulyanovsk, KamAZ

5. Match:

• Production of agricultural combines a. labor intensity
• Production of mining equipment b. metal intensity
• Electronic engineering c. Scientific
• Automotive industry consumer

6. Area favorable for locating an aircraft plant:

• Norilsk
• Cheboksary
• Vladivostok
• Yakutsk

Answers:

1. Specialization, cooperation, metal-intensive

2. A, B

4. 1-d, 2-a, 3-c, 4-b

5. 1-d, 2-b, 3-c, 4-a

Composition of the military-industrial complex

• Production of nuclear weapons.
• Military shipbuilding.
• Aviation industry.
• Rocket and space industry.
• Armored industry.
• Production of small arms.
• Production of artillery systems.

Factors of production location?

Military-strategic

• Security of accommodation, away from borders
• The principle of duplication
• Concentration around Moscow, especially

air defense systems.

Exercise

According to the map with. 110 Fig. 38 (according to Dronov), determine

centers:

• Nuclear complex
• Aviation industry
• Armored industry
• Rocket and space industry

- What is unique about the geography of military-industrial complex enterprises?

Military-industrial complex enterprises are distinguished by secrecy, so they were often located

in closed cities that were not listed on the map.

Determine the modern names of cities:

Arzamas-16

Chelyabinsk-70

Chelyabinsk-65

Penza-19

Zlatoust-36

Tomsk-7

The military-industrial complex strives to produce as many weapons as possible.

-But how many weapons does the country need?

-How to determine the need for weapons?

Conversion - military production for release

civilian products

There are several points of view on the conversion problem.

Some believe that conversion is necessary for Russia. Others believe that the US defense industry's motto should be adhered to

"Weapons export is better than conversion."

Issues for discussion:

• What is your attitude towards the export of weapons to others?

countries?

• Do you think there is a need for conversion?
• The military-industrial complex has a powerful negative impact

To the environment. How do you feel about

the problem of nuclear fuel waste disposal?

Description of the presentation by individual slides:

1 slide

Slide description:

2 slide

Slide description:

Study the structure of the military-industrial complex (MIC) Introduce the products of the Russian military-industrial complex Determine the geography of various branches of the military-industrial complex Give the concept of conversion Discuss the problems and prospects of the military-industrial complex

3 slide

Slide description:

The military-industrial complex (MIC) of Russia is a powerful system of enterprises and institutions of science and technology that produce military equipment, weapons and ammunition. The terms “military industry” and “defense industry” are also used as synonyms for the military-industrial complex.

4 slide

Slide description:

The military-industrial complex includes: research organizations (their task is theoretical developments); design bureaus (KB) creating prototypes (prototypes) of weapons; testing laboratories and testing grounds, where, firstly, the “finishing” of prototypes takes place in real conditions, and secondly, the testing of weapons that have just left the factory walls; manufacturing enterprises where mass production of weapons is carried out.

5 slide

Slide description:

6 slide

Slide description:

Safety of the location of production, taking into account the flight time of missiles and aircraft from abroad Duplication - placement of backup enterprises in different parts of the country Concentration of production and scientific and production associations of the military-industrial complex in Moscow and around it, where Russia has the right to create and build up missile defense systems.

7 slide

Slide description:

Safety of production location Knowledge intensity Highly qualified personnel Transport factor

8 slide

Slide description:

Industries of the military-industrial complex Nuclear weapons complex Aviation industry Rocket and space industry Production of small arms and artillery systems Armored industry Military shipbuilding

Slide 9

Slide description:

10 slide

Slide description:

11 slide

Slide description:

The nuclear weapons complex is part of the Russian nuclear industry. It includes the following productions. 1. Extraction of uranium ore and production of uranium concentrate. In Russia, only one uranium mine is currently operating in Krasnokamensk (Chita region). Uranium concentrate is also produced there. 2. Uranium enrichment (separation of uranium isotopes) occurs in the cities of Novouralsk (Svedlovsk-44), Zelenogorsk (Krasnoyarsk-45), Seversk (Tomsk-7) and Angarsk. Russia has 45% of the world's uranium enrichment capacity. With the decline in nuclear weapons production, these industries are becoming increasingly export-oriented. The products of these enterprises go both to civilian nuclear power plants and to the production of nuclear weapons and industrial reactors for the production of plutonium. 3. The production of fuel elements (fuel rods) for nuclear reactors is carried out in Elektrostal and Novosibirsk.

12 slide

Slide description:

4. The production and separation of weapons-grade plutonium is now carried out in Seversk (Tomsk-7) and Zheleznogorsk (Krasnoyarsk-26). Russia's plutonium reserves have accumulated for many years to come, but the nuclear reactors in these cities do not stop, since they provide them with heat and electricity. Previously, a major center of plutonium production was Ozersk (Chelyabinsk-65), where in 1957, due to a failure of the cooling system, one of the containers in which liquid production waste was stored exploded. As a result, an area of ​​23 thousand km was contaminated with radioactive waste. 5. The assembly of nuclear weapons took place in Sarov (Arzamas-16), Zarechny (Penza-19), Lesnoy (Sverdlovsk-45) and Trekhgorny (Zlatoust-16). The development of prototypes was carried out in Sarov and Snezhinsk (Chelyabinsk-70). The first atomic and hydrogen bombs were developed in Sarov, where the Russian Federal Nuclear Center is now located. 6. Disposal of nuclear waste is one of the most difficult environmental problems today. The main center is Snezhinsk, where waste is processed and buried in rocks.

Slide 13

Slide description:

Slide 14

Slide description:

The aviation industry is located, as a rule, in large industrial centers, where finished products are assembled at parent enterprises from parts and assemblies supplied by hundreds (and sometimes thousands) of subcontractors. The main factors for locating production enterprises are the convenience of transport links and the availability of qualified labor. And the design of almost all types of Russian aircraft is carried out by the design bureaus of Moscow and the Moscow region. Geography of the aviation industry

15 slide

Slide description:

The only exception is the Beriev Design Bureau in Taganrog, where amphibious aircraft are produced. Anti-submarine aircraft - amphibian Be - 12 Multi-purpose aircraft - amphibian A - 40

16 slide

Slide description:

Bombers - a combat aircraft designed to destroy enemy ground and sea targets Long-range (strategic) Front-line (tactical) TU-22 MZ SU-34

Slide 17

Slide description:

Fighter - a combat aircraft for destroying enemy aircraft and unmanned aerial vehicles SU - 35 SU - 37

18 slide

Slide description:

Attack aircraft is a combat aircraft designed to destroy, mainly from low altitudes, small and mobile ground and sea targets - SU - 25

Slide 19

Slide description:

Military transport aviation is intended for transportation of weapons and military equipment, landing AN - 72 AN - 22 AN - 12 AN - 26 AN - 124

20 slide

Slide description:

21 slides

Slide description:

Naval aviation is designed to destroy enemy fleet forces and cover naval groups. IL – 38 SU - 33 YAK – 141 YAK – 38

22 slide

Slide description:

Slide 23

Slide description:

The rocket and space industry is one of the most knowledge-intensive and technically complex industries. For example, an intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) contains up to 300 thousand systems, subsystems, individual instruments and parts, and a large space complex contains up to 10 million. Therefore, there are many more scientists, designers and engineers in this field than workers. Ballistic missile R - 21

24 slide

Slide description:

Research and development organizations in the industry are concentrated largely in the Moscow region. ICBMs (in Moscow and Reutov), ​​rocket engines (in Khimki and Korolev), cruise missiles (in Dubna and Reutov), ​​and anti-aircraft missiles (in Khimki) are being developed here. And the production of these products is scattered throughout almost all of Russia. ICBMs are produced in Votkinsk (Udmurtia), ballistic missiles for submarines are produced in Zlatoust and Krasnoyarsk. Launch vehicles for launching spacecraft are produced in Moscow, Samara and Omsk. Spacecraft are produced there, as well as in St. Petersburg, Istra, Khimki, Korolev, and Zheleznogorsk.

25 slide

Slide description:

Air defense is a set of measures to repel attacks from various enemy air attack weapons. Anti-aircraft missile launchers S – 200 S – 75 S – 125

26 slide

Slide description:

Launchers of the anti-aircraft missile system SAM - "Volna" SAM - "Favorite" SAM - "Kub-MZ"

Slide 27

Slide description:

In Russia, the only operating cosmodrome is now in the city of Mirny, Arkhangelsk region (near the Plesetsk station). Anti-aircraft missile systems are being tested at the Kapustin Yar training ground in the Astrakhan region. The military space forces and all unmanned spacecraft are controlled from the city of Krasnoznamensk (Golitsyno-2), and manned ones are controlled from the flight control center (MCC) in the city of Korolev, Moscow Region.

28 slide

Slide description:

Slide 29

Slide description:

The most famous and widely produced type of small arms is the Kalashnikov assault rifle, which is used in at least 55 countries (and in some it is even depicted on the state emblem).

30 slide

Slide description:

The main centers for the production of small arms are Tula, Kovrov, Izhevsk, Vyatskie Polyany (Kirov region), and the leading scientific center is located in Klimovsk (Moscow region). Automatic rifle Tokarev VT - 40 Carbine "Tiger" Submachine gun PP - 93 Geography of small arms production

31 slides

Slide description:

Geography of artillery systems Artillery systems are produced mainly in Yekaterinburg, Perm, Nizhny Novgorod Anti-aircraft gun and missile system "Tunguska - M" Self-propelled howitzer "Msta - S"

32 slide

Slide description:

Naval artillery - consists of the weapons of ships (naval artillery) and coastal missile and artillery troops (coastal artillery) - artillery installations AK - 100 AK - 130 AK - 630 M

Slide 33

Slide description:

Slide 34

Slide description:

Armor industry. Historical features of development. The armored industry was one of the most developed branches of the military-industrial complex. Over the last period, factories of the former USSR produced 100 thousand tanks. Now a significant part of them is subject to destruction within the framework of the Arms Limitation Treaty in Europe. Before the revolution, despite the presence of several original projects, tanks were not produced in Russia (only two prototypes were built). On the basis of domestic and mainly foreign cars, armored vehicles were assembled by the Izhora, Putilov and Obukhov plants in the country's leading mechanical engineering hub - Petrograd.

35 slide

Slide description:

During the Civil War, production of armored vehicles, including half-tracks, continued. The first small series of light tanks (15 pieces) was built at the Sormovsky plant in Nizhny Novgorod in 1920. A French captured tank was used as a sample. As a result of the development of the concept of the first Soviet tank at the Leningrad Bolshevik plant (Obukhov plant) in 1927-1931. The first large series of light tanks MS-1 (900 units) was produced, and in Kharkov, the leading industrial hub of Ukraine, at the Kharkov Locomotive Plant named after the Comintern (KhPZ) in 1930, production of a small series of medium tanks T-24 was organized. Since the beginning of the 30s. Large-scale production of tanks based on advanced foreign models began.

36 slide

Slide description:

During the Great Patriotic War, the geography of domestic tank building expanded sharply, especially to the territory of the Urals and the Volga region. The T-34 tanks, which found the most widespread use in the war, were produced at the Krasnoye Sormovo plant in Gorky, as well as at the Stalingrad Tractor Plant (STZ) and Uralvagonzavod in Nizhny Tagil. The Moscow Ordzhonikidze Plant was evacuated to Sverdlovsk, the Leningrad Kirov Plant to Chelyabinsk, and the Leningrad Voroshilov Plant to Omsk and Barnaul. The main production of armored vehicles took place there. In the post-war years until the end of the 80s. Mass production of armored vehicles continued. The main centers of tank production remained Nizhny Tagil, Omsk, Kharkov, Leningrad, and Chelyabinsk.

Slide 37

Slide description:

Of the four Russian factories, tanks are now produced at only two - in Nizhny Tagil and Omsk (T-80U tanks), and the factories in St. Petersburg and Chelyabinsk are being repurposed. Armored personnel carriers (APCs) are produced in Arzamas, and infantry fighting vehicles (IFVs) are produced in Kurgan. Medium tank T-34 Light tank BT-7 T - 80 KV - 2

Slide 38

Slide description:

Slide 39

Slide description:

Geography of military shipbuilding Military shipbuilding is difficult to separate from civilian shipbuilding, since until recently the majority of Russian shipyards worked for defense. The largest shipbuilding center since the time of Peter I is St. Petersburg, where there are about 40 enterprises in this industry. Almost all types of ships were built here. Nuclear submarines were previously produced in Nizhny Novgorod and Komsomolsk-on-Amur. Currently, their production remains only in Severodvinsk. Other centers of military shipbuilding are a number of cities on rivers where small ships are produced (Yaroslavl, Rybinsk, Zelenodolsk, etc.)

40 slide

Slide description:

41 slides

Slide description:

42 slide

Slide description:

43 slide

Slide description:

Anti-submarine ships - surface ships for combating submarines Anti-submarine cruiser Small PK - 204

44 slide

Slide description:

46 slide

Slide description:

Landing ships - surface combat ships for transporting and landing amphibious assault forces Hovercraft Landing assault boat

Slide 47

Slide description:

Conversion is the transfer of military production to the production of civilian products. The defense complex developed and produced far more than just military equipment. For example, in 1989, the share of non-food consumer goods and civilian products in the total production of the defense complex amounted to 40%. This, in particular, was facilitated by the transfer of enterprises from the reformed Ministry of Light and Food Industry to the defense complex in 1987. There are frequent cases when the share of military production at defense enterprises did not exceed 10%, and a number of enterprises belonging to the defense ministries did not produce any military products at all.

48 slide

Slide description:

For a long time, the defense complex was provided with priority financial resources, scientific and technical personnel, and material resources. During November-December 1991, the sectoral management structure of the military-industrial complex was dismantled, and the State Commission of the USSR Council of Ministers on Military-Technical Issues, which played an important role in the old sectoral structure of industrial management, was liquidated. The privatization program occupied an important place in the government's plans to transform the defense complex. In accordance with this program, the demilitarization of the manufacturing sector of industry and the R&D sector was planned to be carried out on the basis of the development of non-state forms of ownership and entrepreneurship, the reduction of government subsidies and the curtailment of inefficient production and enterprises, and the gradual lifting of restrictions on foreign competition.

Slide 49

Slide description:

The main tasks in the field of conversion at this stage were to be the preservation of the most important elements of the production and scientific and technical potential of enterprises of the Russian defense complex, their maximum use for economic reconstruction, development of the social sphere, for the creation of import-substituting industries, and expansion of the country's export capabilities. Enterprises deeply specialized in the production of weapons and military equipment, the conversion process of which is extremely difficult, as well as large research institutes and design bureaus, where the most complex and expensive equipment is concentrated, which could only be used for the development and testing of weapons and military equipment, were planned to be converted into state-owned enterprises. enterprises and basic state scientific and technical centers.

50 slide

Slide description:

Russia inherited 80% of the USSR's defense industry. This means that the degree of militarization of the economy turned out to be higher compared to other republics of the former Union. True, the number of people employed in the military-industrial complex has decreased to 5.4 million people, but it still remains excessive. Thus, the share of workers in the defense industry is 23.5% of the total number of employees in the country, and about 2 million people now produce weapons and military equipment directly. As of the beginning of 1999, the Russian military-industrial complex included about 700 defense research institutes and design bureaus, as well as 1,700 enterprises and organizations and eight industries. In addition, more than 1,500 related companies in 10 CIS countries are associated with them. Defense industry facilities produce 20% of the country's total engineering products.

51 slides

Slide description:

Military-industrial complex enterprises are located extremely unevenly on the territory of most constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Some areas and more than 70 factory towns, including closed administrative-territorial entities, are completely dependent on the work of the complex, since there are practically no other areas of employment in them. Regions with a high share of employment at military-industrial complex enterprises form a great potential for mass migration of labor to other regions, which, in the absence of sufficient investment in the production and housing and communal services sphere, creates economic and social tension. Therefore, in these regions, it is important to take into account local employment opportunities for workers being released from the defense industries. Russia inherited some of these difficulties from the Soviet Union, and some of them are the result of economic policy mistakes.

52 slide

Slide description:

However, the main problem of the military-industrial complex is the meager funding. In this area, the generally accepted indicators in world statistics are annual military expenditures per one military personnel and one resident of the country. In 1997, spending per serviceman in Russia was 14 thousand dollars, in the USA - 176 thousand, in Great Britain - 200, in Germany - 98. In the same year, military spending per capita was: in Russia - 233 dollars, in the USA – 978, in the UK – 578, in Greece – 517 dollars. Actual state budget expenditures on defense in 1993 amounted to 4.4% of GDP; in 1994 - 5.6%, in 1995 - less than 4%, in 1996 - 3.5%, in 1997 - 2.7%. At the same time, the volume of GDP itself has been continuously declining.

Slide description:

Recent steps taken to straighten out matters in the military-industrial complex, including a number of organizational and financial measures, have begun to yield positive results. Thus, in 1998, there was a relative stabilization in the defense industry of the Russian Federation. In particular, the total volume of product output for 8 months amounted to 97.2% compared to the same period in 1997, including civilian - 92, and military - 107%, which indicates an increase in the share of the latter. At the same time, a fairly significant increase in production occurred in the rocket and space (119.9%) and radio industries (109%), the situation in the aviation (90.1%) and ammunition (93.3%) industries stabilized.

56 slide

The concept of the Defense-Industrial Complex of Russia (DIC, in educational publications Military-Industrial Complex, VPK) is a set of research, testing organizations and production enterprises that carry out the development, production, storage, putting into service of military and special equipment, ammunition, ammunition, etc. ... mainly for state law enforcement agencies, as well as for export.

State policy The Russian Federation is responsible for: defense and security; defense production; determining the procedure for the sale and purchase of weapons, ammunition, military equipment and other military property; production of toxic substances, narcotic drugs and the procedure for their use; Article 71, Constitution of Russia

On December 1, 2000, Putin signed a decree according to which the Russian Federation Committee on Military-Technical Cooperation with Foreign States (KVTC) was formed, a federal executive body for regulation and control of arms exports.

In 2006, the Russian state weapons development program was approved for years, providing for the purchase and development of military equipment for the Russian army. A total of 4.9 trillion rubles were allocated to finance this program during its operation.

In 2006, the Military-Industrial Commission under the Russian government was formed. The commission was entrusted with the tasks of implementing the state military-industrial policy and issues of military-technical support for the country's defense, law enforcement activities and state security.

The State Armament Program for a period of years was adopted, for the implementation of which more than 19 trillion rubles are provided. State Armament Program for a period of years