Presentation on the topic of the structure of the human heart. Structure and function of the heart

The size of the heart is 0.47% of the mass of the entire body, approximately equal to the size of a human fist.

The heart is located in the middle between the right and left lungs, shifted to the left side.

The apex of the heart is directed downward, forward and slightly to the left.

Heartbeats are most felt to the left of the sternum.

Solve the problem:

Calculate the mass of your heart if your body mass is 40 kg.

Heart - a hollow muscular sac.

Structure walls hearts

Outer layer Middle layer Inner layer

(connective tissue) (muscle tissue) (epithelial tissue)

myocardium

peculiarities

striated special muscle fibers

muscle fibers

able self-excite,

those. impulses arise within themselves

The ability of an organ to work without signal stimuli from the outside is called automaticity.

Heart muscle has this ability, i.e. . automaticity, thereby maintaining the sequence of the cardiac cycle.

Pericardium inner wall

highlights liquid

connective tissue sac

reduces friction

Regulation of heart contractions.
(strength and heart rate)

Nervous

Parasympathetic nerve (wandering)

slows down the heart

Sympathetic nerve

speeds up the heart's work

Humoral

Adrenaline ----- speeds up work

Potassium ion --- slows down the heart

Calcium ion --- speeds up heart function

The structure of the heart and the vessels associated with the heart.

It is divided by a solid partition into two parts - left and right.

Atrial walls much thinner than the walls of the ventricles, which is due to the fact that the work done by the atria is relatively small.

When they contract, blood enters the ventricles. The ventricles do much more work, pushing blood along the entire length of the vessels .

MThe muscular wall of the left ventricle is thicker than the wall of the right, because it does a lot of work - it pushes blood through the systemic circulation

conclusions: 1. The structure of the heart corresponds to its function.

2. The heart muscles have automaticity, due to which the sequence of the cardiac cycle is maintained.

3. Nervous and humoral regulation of the heart adapts its work to the needs of the body

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Slide captions:

Subject
Structure and function of the heart
Position of the heart in the chest. Features of the heart muscle. Regulation of heart contractions.
The size of the heart is 0.47% of the mass of the entire body, approximately equal to the size of a human fist. The heart is located in the middle between the right and left lungs, shifted to the left side. The apex of the heart is directed downward, forward and slightly to the left. Heartbeats are most felt to the left of the sternum.
Solve the problem: Calculate the mass of your heart if your body mass is 40 kg.
The heart is a hollow muscular sac. Structure of the heart wall Outer layer Middle layer Inner layer (connective tissue) (muscle tissue) (epithelial tissue) myocardium features striated special muscle fibers muscle fibers are capable of self-excitation, i.e. impulses arise within themselves
The ability of an organ to work without external signal stimuli is called automatism.
The heart muscle has this ability, i.e. automaticity, thereby maintaining the sequence of the cardiac cycle.
Pericardial sac inner wall secretes fluid connective tissue “bag” reduces friction
Regulation of heart contractions (strength and heart rate)
Nervous
Humoral
Parasympathetic nerve (vagus) slows down the heart Sympathetic nerve speeds up the heart
Adrenaline ----- speeds up the work Potassium ion --- slows down the heart work Calcium ion --- speeds up the heart work

The structure of the heart and the vessels associated with the heart.
The structure of the heart corresponds to its function. It is divided by a solid septum into two parts - left and right.
Each part of the heart is divided into two sections that communicate with each other: the upper one is the atrium and the lower one is the ventricle.
The walls of the atria are much thinner than the walls of the ventricles, which is due to the fact that the work done by the atria is relatively small. When they contract, blood enters the ventricles. The ventricles do much more work, pushing blood along the entire length of the vessels. The muscular wall of the left ventricle is thicker than the wall of the right, because it does a lot of work - it pushes blood through the systemic circulation
From the left ventricle, blood flows into the aorta (the largest artery), and from the right ventricle into the pulmonary artery.
Aorta
Pulmonary artery with semilunar valve
Right ventricle
Leaf valves with tendon filaments and papillary muscles
Inferior vena cava
Right atrium
Superior vena cava
Between the ventricles and arteries there are semilunar valves that prevent blood from returning from the arteries to the ventricles. Therefore, blood flows only in one direction.
Checking the completion of tasks
1. Right ventricle 2. Right atrium 3. Left ventricle 4. Left atrium 5. Leaflet valves 6. Semilunar valves 7. Aorta 8. Pulmonary artery 9. Superior vena cava 10. Pulmonary vein 11. Tendon filaments 12. Papillary muscle 13. Inferior vena cava
Conclusions:
1. The structure of the heart corresponds to its function. 2. The muscles of the heart have automaticity, due to which the sequence of the cardiac cycle is maintained. 3. Nervous and humoral regulation of the heart adapts its work to the needs of the body.

Preview:

Route sheet (lesson work plan).

1. Position of the heart in the chest. Features of the heart muscle. Regulation of heart contractions.

Using a multi-projector, working according to the schemes “Structure of the heart wall”, “Regulation of heart contractions”.

Complete the task: 1) Fill out the table

Tasks

Answers

1. What tissues form the walls of the heart?

2) Solve the problem:

2. The structure of the heart and the vessels associated with the heart. 1 group(When completing task 2

Complete tasks 3, 4)

1 - 1 -

2 - 2 -

6 –

10 -

11 -

12 -

2 - 13 -

3. Cardiac cycle.

3. Cardiac cycle. 2nd group

Read the text of the textbook, p. 112, 113 “Cardiac cycle”, use Figure 54, p. 112.

Complete the task:

Preview:

Lesson 19

Topic: Structure and function of the heart

Objectives: to find out the structural features of the heart in connection with the functions performed, the regulation of heart activity, the rhythm of contraction and relaxation of the heart (cardiac cycle), the position of the heart in the chest cavity.

Equipment: multi-projector, computers, tables

During the classes

Learning new material

1. Position of the heart in the chest. Regulation of heart contractions.

(teacher’s story, use of a multi-projector, work according to the diagrams “Structure of the heart wall”, “Regulation of heart contractions”, drawing “Location of the heart in the chest cavity”)

(working with electronic text, working with the drawing “Structure of the heart and blood vessels associated with the heart” - mark the drawing)

3. Cardiac cycle

(working with the textbook text pp. 112, 113, completing task 91 in the workbook).

4. Checking the completion of tasks.

Fastening:

1. Human heart:

A) 3-chamber, b) 2-chamber, c) 4-chamber

2. Significance of heart valves:

A) protective function, b) provide nutrition to the heart, c) ensure the movement of blood in one direction

3. The heart has automaticity - this means:

A) contracts and relaxes with the participation of the nervous system,

B) capable of contracting without the participation of the nervous system,

C) adapts to changing conditions of the internal environment

4. What muscles form the heart:

A) striated, b) smooth,

5. Which vessel leaves the left ventricle:

A) aorta, b) inferior vena cava, c) superior vena cava

6. Vagus nerve

A) slows down the heart, b) speeds up the heart, c) does not affect the heart

7. The pericardial sac is formed:

A) epithelial tissue, b) connective tissue, c) muscle tissue

8. The sequence of phases of the cardiac cycle is:

A) contraction of the atria --- contraction of the ventricles --- pause,

B) contraction of the ventricles --- contraction of the atria --- pause,

B) contraction of the atria --- pause --- contraction of the ventricles

Key to the test: 1c, 2c, 3b, 4a, 5a, 6a, 7b, 8a.

Homework:§ 22, workbook back. 89

1. Position of the heart in the chest. Features of the heart muscle.

Regulation of heart contractions.

(working with a multi-projector)

Solve the problem:

Heart - a hollow muscular sac.

Structure of the heart wall

Outer layer Middle layer Inner layer

(connective tissue) (muscle tissue) (epithelial tissue)

Myocardium

peculiarities

Cross-stripedmuscle fibersspecial muscle fibers

Able self-excite

Those. impulses arise

In themselves

The ability of an organ to work without signal irritations from the outside is called automaticity.

The heart muscle hasthis ability, i.e.. automaticity , thereby maintaining the sequence of the cardiac cycle.

Pericardiuminner wall releases fluid

Connective tissue “bag” reduces friction

Regulation of heart contractions.

Nervous Humoral

Parasympathetic nerve(wandering) Adrenaline ----- speeds up work

slows down the heart

Potassium ion --- slows down work

Sympathetic nerve Calcium ion--- speeds up work

speeds up the heart's work

2. Structure of the heart and vessels associated with the heart (group 1)

Working with electronic text. Working with the drawing “Structure of the heart and blood vessels associated with the heart” - label the drawing

Atrial walls much thinner than the walls of the ventricles, which is due to the fact that the work done by the atria is relatively small. When they contract, blood enters the ventricles. The ventricles perform significantly more work, pushing blood along the entire length of the vessels.

The muscular wall of the left ventricle is thicker than the wall of the right, because it does a lot of work - it pushes blood through the systemic circulation.

Between each atrium and ventriclethere are valves in the form of flaps -flap valves. Tendon threads, attached to the papillary muscleswhich connect the valves to the floor of the ventriclesand do not allow them (flap valves) to turn outtowards the atria. During contraction of the atria, the valve leaflets hang inside the ventricles, blood passes freely into the ventricles. When the ventricles contract, the valve flaps close and blood cannot enter the atria.

Blood comes from the left ventricle to the aorta (the largest artery), from the right ventricle -into the pulmonary artery.

Between the ventricles and arteries available semilunar valves, which prevent blood from returning from the arteries to the ventricles. Therefore, blood flows only in one direction.

3. Cardiac cycle

Working with the text of the textbook. 112, 113. Completing task 91 in the workbook.

4. Checking the completion of tasks.

Solve the problem: Calculate the mass of your heart if your body mass is 40 kg.

(40kg: 100 · 0.47 = 0.188kg (188g))

1. Right ventricle

2. Right atrium

3. Left ventricle

4. Left atrium

5. Flap valves

6. Semilunar valves

7. Aorta

8. Pulmonary artery

9. Superior vena cava

10. Pulmonary vein

11. Papillary muscle

12. Tendon threads

13. Inferior vena cava

Cardiac cycle

Conclusion:

1. The structure of the heart corresponds to its function.

2. The heart muscles have automaticity, due to which the sequence of the cardiac cycle is maintained.

3. Nervous and humoral regulation of the heart adapts its work to the needs of the body.

Additional Information

*The heart makes 100 thousand per day. strikes, almost 40 million strikes in a year.

*The weight of the heart is 1/200 of the body weight, but 1/20 of the body’s total energy resources is spent on its work.

* The heart beats 25 billion times in a person’s life. This work is enough to lift a train up Mont Blanc.

2) Solve the problem:

Calculate the mass of your heart if your body mass is 40 kg

2. The structure of the heart and the vessels associated with the heart.

1 group (When completing task 2, complete tasks 3, 4)

Working with electronic text. Working with drawings “Structure of the heart and blood vessels associated with the heart”

Complete the task: 1) Label the drawing.

1 - 1 -

2 - 2 -

6 –

10 -

11 -

12 -

2 - 13 -

3. Cardiac cycle.

3. Cardiac cycle. 2nd group(When completing task 3, complete tasks 2, 4)

Read the text of the textbook, p. 112, 113 “Cardiac cycle”, use Figure 54, p. 112.

Complete the task:

1) Complete task 91 in your workbook.

4. Working with tests (after completing tasks 1, 2, 3)

1. Human heart: a) 3-chamber, b) 2-chamber, c) 4-chamber.

2. What is the significance of heart valves? a) protective function, b) provide nutrition to the heart, c) ensure the movement of blood in one direction.

3. The heart has automaticity. This means: a) contracts and relaxes with the participation of the nervous system, b) is able to contract without signal stimulation from the outside,

C) adapts to changing environmental conditions.

4.Which vessel leaves the left ventricle: a) aorta, b) inferior vena cava, c) superior vena cava.

5. The vagus nerve: a) slows down the heart, b) speeds up the heart, c) does not affect the heart.

6. Indicate the correct sequence of phases of the cardiac cycle - this is:

a) contraction of the atria - contraction of the ventricles - pause, b) contraction of the ventricles - contraction of the atria - pause, c) contraction of the atria - pause - contraction of the ventricles.

7. The pericardial sac is formed by: a) epithelial tissue, b) connective tissue, c) muscle tissue.

8. Myocardium is: a) the outer layer of the heart wall, b) the middle layer of the heart wall, c) the inner layer of the heart wall.

5. Checking the completion of tasks.

The structure of the heart corresponds to its function.

It is divided by a solid partition into two parts - left and right.

Each part of the heart is divided into two sections that communicate with each other: the upper- atrium and lower - ventricle.

The size of the heart is 0.47% of the mass of the entire body, approximately equal to the size of its fist.

The heart is located in the middle between the right and left lungs.

Slightly shifted to the left side.

The apex of the heart is directed downward, forward and slightly to the left.

Heartbeats are most felt to the left of the sternum.

Objectives: Consider the structure of the heart and its role in blood circulation. Consider the structure of the heart and its role in blood circulation. Establish the relationship between the structure and functions of blood vessels. Establish the relationship between the structure and functions of blood vessels. To form in students new anatomical and physiological concepts about the cardiac cycle and the automaticity of the heart. To form in students new anatomical and physiological concepts about the cardiac cycle and the automaticity of the heart.

Blood circulation is the circulation of blood in the human body. Continuity of blood flow is ensured. Continuity of blood flow is ensured by the circulatory organs. circulatory organs. Heart Vessels Heart Vessels Chamber Walls Arteries Veins Valves Capillaries Valves Capillaries

Structure of the heart. The heart is located in the chest cavity behind the sternum, shifted slightly to the left from the middle. The mass of the heart in a man is gr, in a woman it is gr. The average volume of the heart in a man is cm 3, in a woman – cm 3. The heart is located in the chest cavity behind the sternum, shifted slightly to the left from the middle. The mass of the heart in a man is gr, in a woman it is gr. The average volume of the heart in a man is cm 3, in a woman – cm 3. The heart is “middle”. The heart is a hollow four-chambered muscular organ, a “muscle pump.” The heart is the “middle”. The heart is a hollow four-chambered muscular organ, a “muscle pump.”

Structure of the heart. The pericardial sac contains serous fluid that moisturizes the heart and reduces friction during its contractions. The pericardial sac contains serous fluid that moisturizes the heart and reduces friction during its contractions. The heart wall has three layers: The heart wall has three layers: epicardium - the outer serous layer that covers the heart (fused with the pericardium); epicardium - the outer serous layer that covers the heart (fused with the pericardium); myocardium - the middle muscle layer formed by striated cardiac muscle; myocardium - the middle muscle layer formed by striated cardiac muscle; endocardium – inner layer (of epithelium). endocardium – inner layer (of epithelium).

Structure of the heart The heart is conventionally divided by a septum into two halves, left and right. The left half is two halves, left and right. The left half consists of the left ventricle and the left atrium. Between them there is a bicuspid valve. It has only two valves, otherwise it is called mitral. The right half of the heart consists of the right ventricle and the right atrium. They are the right ventricle and the right atrium. They are also separated by a valve, but this valve has three leaflets and is therefore called tricuspid. The valves open and close the passage between the atria and ventricles, forcing blood into the atria and ventricles, causing the blood to flow in one direction. Between the ventricles and the arteries are the semilunar valves, and between the arteries are the semilunar valves, each of which consists of three pockets. each of which consists of three pockets. Valve (German) “klappe” - “lid”. Valves of the heart and blood vessels ensure movement Valves of the heart and blood vessels ensure the movement of blood in strictly one direction: blood in strictly one direction: through the arteries - from the heart, through the arteries - from the heart, through the veins - to the heart, through the veins - to the heart, from the atria - into the ventricles. from the atria to the ventricles.

Structure of the heart. P Atrium (lat.) – “atrium” - “front yard”, ventricles – muscular formations. The walls of the chambers vary in thickness depending on the work being performed. When the walls of the atrium contract, little work is done - blood is pumped into the ventricles, so these walls are relatively thin. The right ventricle pushes blood through the pulmonary circulation, and the left ventricle throws blood into the systemic circulation, so its walls are 2-3 times thicker than the walls of the right ventricle.

Work of the heart. The cardiac cycle is the sequence of events that occur during one contraction of the heart. The cardiac cycle consists of three phases. Contraction of the atria - atrial systole - lasts about 0.1 seconds. In this case, the ventricles are relaxed, the leaflet valves are open, and the semilunar valves are closed. Contraction of the ventricles—ventricular systole—lasts about 0.3 seconds, while the atria are relaxed and the leaflet valves are closed. Blood rushes into the pulmonary artery and aorta. Complete relaxation of the heart - cardiac pause or diastole - lasts about 0.4 seconds. The duration of the cardiac cycle is about 0.8 seconds.

Cardiac cycle.. Phases of the cardiac cycle Duration of phases (sec.) Position of valves Blood movement. 1. Contraction of the atria (systole) 0.1 sec. The valves are open, the semilunates are closed. From the atria to the ventricles 2. Contraction of the ventricles (systole) 0.3 seconds. The valves are closed, the semilunates are open. From the ventricles to the pulmonary artery and aorta. 3. Pause. Relaxation of the atria and ventricles (diastole) 0.4 sec. Valves - open, semilunar - closed. From the veins to the atria and partially to the ventricles.

What causes the high performance of the heart? It is due to the high level of metabolic processes occurring in it. The heart has its own “built-in” mechanism that ensures the contraction of muscle fibers. Impulses travel from the atria to the ventricles. This ability of the heart to contract rhythmically without external stimulation, under the influence of impulses arising in it, is called automatism. It is due to the high level of metabolic processes occurring in it. The heart has its own “built-in” mechanism that ensures the contraction of muscle fibers. Impulses travel from the atria to the ventricles. This ability of the heart to contract rhythmically without external stimulation, under the influence of impulses arising in it, is called automatism. Automaticity is provided by special muscle cells. They are innervated by the endings of autonomic neurons. In these cells, the membrane potential can reach 90 mV, which leads to the generation of an excitation wave. Automaticity is provided by special muscle cells. They are innervated by the endings of autonomic neurons. In these cells, the membrane potential can reach 90 mV, which leads to the generation of an excitation wave.

The human heart: contracts: contracts: 70 beats per minute; 70 beats per minute; 100 thousand times a day; 100 thousand times a day; 40 million per year; 40 million per year; 2.5 billion over a lifetime. 2.5 billion over a lifetime. pumps blood: pumps blood: in 2 minutes – 5.5 liters; in 2 minutes – 5.5 liters; per day - liters; per day - liters; over 70 years - 200 million liters. over 70 years - 200 million liters.

Conclusion: Blood circulation in the human body occurs due to the continuous work of the heart, which pumps blood through the systemic and pulmonary circulation. Blood circulation in the human body occurs due to the continuous work of the heart, which pumps blood through the systemic and pulmonary circulation. The human heart has four chambers, divided by a solid partition into left and right parts, thanks to which arterial blood does not mix with venous blood. The human heart has four chambers, divided by a solid partition into left and right parts, thanks to which arterial blood does not mix with venous blood. There are three phases in the work of the heart: contraction of the atria, contraction of the ventricles, pause. There are three phases in the work of the heart: contraction of the atria, contraction of the ventricles, pause.

Terms and concepts. Pericardium - the sac around the heart; Pericardium - the sac around the heart; Epicardium – outer serous layer; Epicardium – outer serous layer; Myocardium – middle muscle layer; Myocardium – middle muscle layer; Endocardium – inner layer; Endocardium – inner layer; Arteries are vessels that carry blood from the heart, smooth air carriers, air veins; Arteries are vessels that carry blood from the heart, smooth air carriers, air veins; Aorta (Greek) – straight artery; Aorta (Greek) – straight artery; Capillaries (lat) – capillaris – hairline; Capillaries (lat) – capillaris – hairline; Atrium of the heart (lat) – atrium – front courtyard; Atrium of the heart (lat) – atrium – front courtyard; The ventricles are muscular formations that push blood along the arterial path; The ventricles are muscular formations that push blood along the arterial path; Valve (German) - klappe - lid, flap, closing the lumen; Valve (German) - klappe - lid, flap, closing the lumen; The heart is the middle. The heart is the middle.

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GBOUREPUBLIC OF MARI EL

"Zvenigovskaya sanatorium boarding school"

BIOLOGY LESSON SUMMARY 8th grade

“STRUCTURE OF THE HEART AND ITS WORK”

/methodological development of a biology lesson8th grade/

Pprepared:

Rumyantseva Elena Vasilievna

biology teacher

GBOURME« ZSSHAND"

Zvenigovo,201 4

EXPLANATORY NOTE

This lesson was compiled on the basis of N.I. Sonin’s teaching materials for the biology course “Man and His Health”, grade 8. This is the 3rd lesson in the topic "Circulatory and Lymphatic systems", in form - combined. The notes reflect a creative approach to teaching biology to eighth-graders. The lesson material is a logical continuation of the previous one and a support for the subsequent one.

Due to the fact that modern educational goals orient teachers towards a competency-based approach to organizing the educational process, the lesson is expected to use elements of different technologies:

Technologies for the development of critical thinking (organization of students’ work with various sources of information; organization of collective, paired and individual, independent activities in the lesson; the stages of challenge, comprehension, reflection can be traced in the structure of the lesson);

- Andinformational (supporting lesson stages with a computer presentation);

Health-saving.

Thus, the methods and techniques used in the lesson contribute to the formation of the following competencies in students: educational and cognitive, general cultural, health-preserving, communication, information.

When preparing for the lesson, various sources were used: methodological and popular science literature, Internet resources.

BIOLOGY LESSON SUMMARY

Subject : “STRUCTURE OF THE HEART AND ITS WORK.” Slide 1.

Lesson type: learning new material.

Target: Study the structure of the heart and its work.

Tasks:

Educational: Study the structurehearts, its functions, its work,regulation.

Educational: Development of communication skills, the ability to analyze, draw conclusions, highlight the main thing during the teacher’s story.

Educational: formation of an ecological culture, the need for a healthy lifestyle.Slide 2.

Equipment: human heart models, human torso, computer, multimedia equipment.

Lesson steps:

1. Organizational moment.

2.Updating knowledge.

3. Studying new material.

5. Summing up the lesson.

5. Homework.

During the classes:

1. Organizing time.

“A hot heart and a cold one, disinterested and greedy, smart and stupid, sympathetic, kind and cruel, brave, proud and evil, stony, sensitive and generous, open and callous, deaf, black heart and golden, wounded, broken, mother’s heart and heart friend. What is my heart like?

This is what we will talk about in our lesson. Today in class we will find out what structure our heart has?

2. Updating knowledge.

In the last lesson, we studied the structure of the circulatory system and learned about the circulation circles. Let's review what you learned in the last lesson? Answer the questionsSlide 3.4.

3. Learning new material.

1. HEART POSITION .

The heart is located in the chest cavity."HEART" - means from lat.middle . Adjacent to the left lung. The apex of the heart faces down and to the left and reaches the 5th intercostal space. Base of the heartexpanded, facing up and to the right Slide 5.

2. STRUCTURE OF THE HEART

HEART- it is muscular,3-layer bag, consists of layers:

- OUTSIDE - connective tissue -EPICARD.

- AVERAGE – MYOCARDIUM- cardiac muscle tissue, thanks to which the heart contracts autonomously.

- INTERNAL – epithelial tissue –ENDOCARD.Slide 6.

Cardiac muscle -MYOCARDIUM – consists of cells –CARDIOCYTES- These are mononuclear cells, separated from each other by intercalary discs, which play an important role in the transmission of excitation throughout the myocardium.

Heart function: gives blood movement due to its contraction.

The heart is inCIRCARTICAL BAG – PERICARDIUM - connective tissue. It secretes a fluid that reduces the friction of the heart as it pumps.Slide 7.

3. THE HEART IS COMPOSED :

The heart is divided by a solid septum into 2 parts: left and right.

The heart consists of 4 chambers:

2 atria: left and right

2 ventricles: left and right.

2 right halves of the heart - contain oxygen-poor blood, but rich in carbon dioxide -DEOXYGENATED BLOOD– dark cherry color.

2 left halves of the heart - contain blood rich in oxygen, but poor in carbon dioxide -ARTERIAL BLOOD- it is scarlet.Slide 8.

The septum between the atria is THIN.

The septum between the ventricles is THICK.

1/10 of all blood ejected from the heart goes to supply the heart muscle. Because it needs a lot of force to contract.

An artery branches off from the aorta to the muscles of the heart. It encircles the heart in the form of a crown and is therefore calledCORONIAL artery. Slide 9.

4. Why can't blood flow in the opposite direction?

Between the atrium and ventricle are locatedvalves.

In the right half betweenright atriumAndright ventricle- locatedTRICLEVELVE valve .

In the left half betweenleft atriumAndleft ventricle- locatedDOUBLE VALVE .

BetweenventriclesAndarteries – SEMILUNA VALVES.Slide 10.

Tendon threads connect the valve flaps topapillary muscles , they prevent the valve from everting from the ventricle into the atrium. When the ventricles contract, the blood presses on the valves from below, they rise and close with each other, and the blood flow is directed into the aorta from the left ventricle and into the pulmonary trunk from the right.Slide 11.

Fill out the Cardiac Cycle table.Slide 12.

Valve position

Direction of blood flow

Time, s.

Atrial contraction

SYSTOLE

Ventricular contraction

SYSTOLE

Relaxation

DIASTOLE

5. Cardiac cycle:

Atrial contraction - the leaflet valves open, blood enters the ventricle. Lasts 0.1s.

Ventricular contraction – leaflet valves close, semilunar valves open, blood is released into the aorta and arteries. Lasts 0.3 s.

Relaxation – semilunar valves are closed, leaflet valves are open. The heart chambers are filled with a new portion of blood. Lasts 0.4s.Slide 13.

6. Regulation of heart function. Slide 14,15.

The cardiac cycle is regulated by the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems.

Parasympathetic nervous system – slows down the heart.

Sympathetic nervous system – speeds up the heart.

4. Generalization and systematization of knowledge.

Answer the question. Slide 16, 17,18, 19.

1. What kind of blood is contained in the right half of the heart :

A. venous, b. arterial

2. What kind of blood is contained in the left half of the heart :

A. venous, b. arterial

3. What is ventricular systole and its duration?

4. What is ventricular diastole, its duration?

5. Establish a correspondence between the layers of the heart and their functions:

1. myocardium - muscle layer

2. pericardium - pericardial sac

3. endocardium - epithelial layer

4. epicardium – connective layer.

A. reducing friction during contraction

B. performs heart contraction

V. covers the organ from the outside

G. lines the organ from the inside.

6. Match which valves are located between :

1. left atrium and ventricle

2. right atrium and ventricle

3. ventricles and arteries.

A. semilunar

B. tricuspid

V. bivalve

7. Match:

1. The pulmonary circulation begins from

2. The systemic circulation begins from

3. The pulmonary circulation ends

4. The systemic circulation ends at

A. right atrium

B. left atrium

B. left ventricle

D. right ventricle

5. Summing up the lesson.

6. Homework.